Battery state monitoring circuit and battery apparatus

ABSTRACT

Provided is a battery state monitoring circuit which is capable of preventing a discharge leak current from a battery so as to eliminate a load conventionally imposed on a user, including: a battery state detector circuit that detects a state of the battery based on a voltage of the battery; a transmitting terminal that transmits battery state information indicative of the state of the battery to an outside; a receiving terminal that receives battery state information of another battery from the outside; a transistor that is used for transmitting the battery state information, and has any one of two terminals except for a control terminal connected to the transmitting terminal; and a diode that is connected in a direction opposite to a direction of a parasitic diode disposed between the two terminals of the transistor, the diode being disposed between the transmitting terminal and one terminal of the transistor.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a battery state monitoring circuit that monitors a state of a battery, and a battery device that is equipped with a plurality of the battery state monitoring circuits.

2. Description of the Related Art

For example, JP 2005-117789 A discloses a protective IC that monitors voltages of a plurality of batteries that are connected in series with each other. FIG. 15A shows an example of the protective IC that is disclosed in JP 2005-117780 A. Referring to FIG. 15A, reference numbers 31 a, 31 b, and 31 c denote protective ICs, respectively. The protective IC 31 a monitors the voltages of batteries 1 a to 1 c, the protective IC 31 b monitors the voltages of batteries 1 d to 1 f, and the protective IC 31 c monitors the voltages of batteries 1 g to 1 i, respectively. In a normal state, that is, when the voltages of the batteries 1 a to 1 i are not abnormal, because all FETs 51, 53, and 55 of the respective protective ICs 31 a, 31 b, and 31 c are on, a current flows through a resistor 81, and a monitor output terminal 42 becomes at high level. On the other hand, for example, when the voltage of any one of the batteries 1 a to 1 c becomes overvoltage (overcharged state), a signal of high level is output from an overvoltage detector circuit 34 a′ that is disposed in the protective IC 31 a with the results that an FET 73 is turned on, and an FET 75 is turned on. In this situation, because the FET 51 is turned off, no current flows in the resistor 81, and the monitor output terminal 42 becomes at low level. The same is applied to overdischarge detection.

As described above, when the voltage of any one of the batteries 1 a to 1 c becomes overvoltage, the monitor output terminal 42 becomes at low level because the FET 73 is turned on, the FET 75 is turned on, and the FET 51 is turned off. However, a parasitic diode having an anode terminal connected to a drain terminal of the FET 51 and a cathode terminal connected to a source terminal of the FET 51 exists between the drain terminal and a gate terminal of the FET 51. Therefore, when a load is connected between external terminals 41 and 44 in the above state, a current path is formed as shown in FIG. 15B, which leads to such a problem that electricity is discharged from the batteries 1 d to 1 i to generate discharge leak current.

The voltages of the batteries 1 d to 1 i are decreased due to an influence of the above discharge leak current, but the other batteries 1 a to 1 c have the high voltage close to the overvoltage. As a result, the voltage balance of the batteries 1 a to 1 i is disrupted. A state in which the voltage balance is disrupted is advanced so that the batteries 1 a to 1 c become voltages close to the overvoltage, and the batteries 1 d to 1 i become voltages close to overdischarge. As a result, because the overvoltage is detected by small charge, charging cannot be conducted. Also, because the overdischarge is detected by slightly using an application program, the batteries cannot be used. Such batteries are exchanged with fresh batteries. However, because the phenomenon of the discharge leak current is repeated so far as the conventional protective IC is used, the conventional protective IC not only causes inconvenience for a user, but also causes a large load such as costs and time required for battery replacement.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and therefore an object of the present invention is to provide a battery state monitoring circuit and a battery device which are capable of preventing the discharge leak current from the battery so as to eliminate the load conventionally imposed on the user.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, as means for solving the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a battery state monitoring circuit, including: a battery state detector circuit that detects a state of a battery based on a voltage of the battery; a transmitting terminal that transmits battery state information indicative of the state of the battery to an outside; a receiving terminal that receives battery state information of another battery from the outside; a transistor that is used for transmitting the battery state information, and has any one of two terminals except for a control terminal connected to the transmitting terminal; and a diode that is connected in a direction opposite to a direction of a parasitic diode disposed between the two terminals of the transistor, the diode being disposed between the transmitting terminal and one terminal of the transistor.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the accompanying drawings:

FIG. 1 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a battery device according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a discharge leak current preventing principle in the battery device according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a battery device according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a discharge leak current preventing principle in the battery device according to the second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a battery device according to a third embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a battery device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a battery device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a battery device according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a battery device according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a battery device according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a battery device according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a battery device according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a battery device according to an eleventh embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 14 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a battery device according to a twelfth embodiment of the present invention; and

FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram showing a conventional technology.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Hereinafter, a description will be given of embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

First Embodiment

FIG. 1 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a battery device according to a first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, the battery device according to the first embodiment includes n batteries BT₁ to BT_(n), that are connected in series, n switches (cell balance switch circuits) SW₁ to SW_(n) which are connected in parallel with each of the batteries Bt₁ to BT_(n), n battery state monitoring circuits BM₁ to BM_(n) that are disposed in correspondence with the respective batteries BT₁ to BT_(n), individually, a first transistor (charging p-channel transistor) 10, a second transistor (discharging p-channel transistor) 11, a first resistive element (first bias resistive element) 20, a second resistive element (second bias resistive element) 21, a first external terminal 30, and a second external terminal 31.

The battery state monitoring circuit BM₁ includes an overcharge detector circuit A₁, a first NOR circuit B₁, a first output transistor C₁, a diode Do₁, a first inverter D₁, a second inverter E₁, a first current source F₁, an overdischarge detector circuit G₁, a second NOR circuit H₁, a second output transistor I₁, a third inverter J₁, a fourth inverter K₁, a second current source L₁, a cell balance circuit M₁, a first voltage monitor terminal PA₁, a second voltage monitor terminal PB₁, a first transmitting terminal PC₁, a second transmitting terminal PD₁, a first receiving terminal PE₁, a second receiving terminal PF₁, and a control terminal PG₁. The battery state monitoring circuit BM₁ having the above components is configured as an IC (semiconductor device) of one chip.

The other battery state monitoring circuits BM₂ to BM_(n) have the same components as those of the battery state monitoring circuit BM₁, and therefore are shown with a change in only symbols. For example, the symbol of the overcharge detector circuit in the battery state monitoring circuit BM₂ is A₂ whereas the symbol of the overcharge detector circuit in the battery state monitoring circuit BM_(n) is A_(n). The same is applied to other components.

Since all of the battery state monitoring circuits BM₁ to BM_(n) are identical in circuit configuration with each other as described above, the battery state monitoring circuit BM₁ corresponding to the battery BT₁ will be representatively described below.

In the battery state monitoring circuit BM₁, the first voltage monitor terminal PA₁ is connected to a positive terminal of the battery BT₁ and one terminal of the switch SW₁. Also, the first voltage monitor terminal PA₁ is connected to a positive side common power source wire within the battery state monitoring circuit BM₁. The second voltage monitor terminal PB₁ is connected to a negative terminal of the battery BT₁ and another terminal of the switch SW₁. Also, the second voltage monitor terminal PB₁ is connected to a negative side common power source wire within the battery state monitoring circuit BM₁. In the following description, the positive side common power source wire is VDD₁ and the negative side common power source wire is VSS₁ within the battery state monitoring circuit BM₁, and the positive side common power source wire is VDD₂ and the negative side common power source wire is VSS₂ within the battery state monitoring circuit BM₂. In the same manner, the positive side common power source wire is VDD_(n) and the negative side common power source wire is VSS_(n) within the battery state monitoring circuit BM_(n).

The overcharge detector circuit A₁ has one end connected to the first voltage monitor terminal PA₁, and another end connected to the second voltage monitor terminal PB₁. The overcharge detector circuit A₁ detects a voltage between the first voltage monitor terminal PA₁ and the second voltage monitor terminal PB₁ (that is, voltage of battery BT₁). When the voltage of the battery BT₁ is equal to or higher than an overcharge voltage, the overcharge detector circuit A₁ outputs an overcharge detection signal of high level to one input terminal of the first NOR circuit B₁. Also, when the voltage of the battery BT₁ is lower than the overcharge voltage, the overcharge detector circuit A₁ outputs an overcharge detection signal of low level to the first NOR circuit B₁. Here, the overcharge voltage is an upper limit chargeable voltage. The overcharge detector circuit A₁ has a function of stopping the operation when the overdischarge detection signal of high level is input to the overcharge detector circuit A₁ from the overdischarge detector circuit G₁.

To the first NOR circuit B₁, the above overcharge detection signal and an output signal of the first inverter D₁ are input, and the first NOR circuit B₁ outputs a negative OR signal of both of those signals to a gate terminal of the first output transistor C₁. The first output transistor C₁ is an n-channel type metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) transistor. The first output transistor C₁ has the gate terminal connected to an output terminal of the first NOR circuit B₁, a drain terminal connected to a cathode terminal of the diode Do₁, and a source terminal connected to the VSS₁. The diode Do₁ 1 is a discharge leak current prevention diode. The diode Do₁ has the cathode terminal connected to the drain terminal of the first output transistor C₁, and an anode terminal connected to the first transmitting terminal PC₁.

The first inverter D₁ outputs a logical inversion signal of an output signal from the second inverter E₁ to the first NOR circuit B₁. The second inverter E₁ has an input terminal connected to the first receiving terminal PE₁ and an output terminal of the first current source F₁, and outputs a logical inversion signal of an input signal to an input terminal to the first inverter D₁. The first current source F₁ is a current source having an input terminal connected to the VDD₁, and the output terminal connected to the input terminal of the second inverter E₁ and the first receiving terminal PE₁.

The overdischarge detector circuit G₁ has one end connected to the first voltage monitor terminal PA₁, and another end connected to the second voltage monitor terminal PB₁. The overdischarge detector circuit G₁ detects a voltage between the first voltage monitor terminal PA₁ and the second voltage monitor terminal PB₁ (that is, voltage of battery BT₁). When the voltage of the battery BT₁ is lower than an overdischarge voltage, the overdischarge detector circuit G₁ outputs an overdischarge detection signal of high level to one input terminal of the second NOR circuit H₁, the overcharge detector circuit A₁, and the cell balance circuit M₁. Also, when the voltage of the battery BT₁ is equal to or higher than the overdischarge voltage, the overdischarge detector circuit G₁ outputs an overdischarge detection signal of low level. Here, the overdischarge voltage is a lower limit dischargeable voltage.

To the second NOR circuit H₁, the above overdischarge detection signal and an output signal of the third inverter J₁ are input, and the second NOR circuit H₁ outputs a negative OR signal of both of those signals to a gate terminal of the second output transistor I₁. The second output transistor I₁ is an n-channel type MOS transistor. The second output transistor I₁ has the gate terminal connected to an output terminal of the second NOR circuit H₁, a drain terminal connected to the second transmitting terminal PD₁, and a source terminal connected to the VSS₁.

The third inverter J₁ outputs a logical inversion signal of an output signal from the fourth inverter K₁ to the second NOR circuit H₁. The fourth inverter K₁ has an input terminal connected to the second receiving terminal PF₁ and an output terminal of the second current source L₁, and outputs a logical inversion signal of an input signal to the input terminal to the fourth inverter K₁. The second current source L₁ is a current source having an input terminal connected to the VDD₁, and the output terminal connected to the input terminal of the fourth inverter L₁ and the second receiving terminal PF₁.

The cell balance circuit M₁ has one end connected to the first voltage monitor terminal PA₁, and another end connected to the second voltage monitor terminal PB₁. The cell balance circuit M₁ detects a voltage between the first voltage monitor terminal PA₁ and the second voltage monitor terminal PB₁ (that is, voltage of battery BT₁). When the voltage of the battery BT₁ is equal to or higher than a cell balance voltage, the cell balance circuit M₁ outputs a cell balance signal to the switch SW₁ through the control terminal PG₁. Also, when the voltage of the battery BT₁ is lower than the cell balance voltage, the cell balance circuit M₁ outputs a cell balance signal of low level to the switch SW₁ through the control terminal PG₁. Here, the cell balance voltage is a voltage that is equal to or lower than the overcharge voltage in the case in which the battery BT₁ comes to a state close to the overcharged state (voltage in the case in which voltage of battery BT₁ is adjusted to voltages of other batteries to start to balance). The cell balance circuit M₁ has a function of stopping the operation when the overdischarge detection signal of high level is input to the cell balance circuit M₁ from the overdischarge detector circuit G₁.

The first transmitting terminal PC₁ is connected to a gate terminal of the first transistor 10 and one end of the first resistive element 20. The second transmitting terminal PD₁ is connected to a gate terminal of the second transistor 11 and one end of the second resistive element 21. The first receiving terminal PE₁ is connected to a first transmitting terminal PC₂ of the battery state monitoring circuit BM₂. The second receiving terminal PF₁ is connected to a second transmitting terminal PD₂ of the battery state monitoring circuit BM₂.

Also, a first receiving terminal PE₂ of the battery state monitoring circuit BM₂ is connected to a first transmitting terminal PC₃ of the battery state monitoring circuit BM₃, and a second receiving terminal PF₂ of the battery state monitoring circuit BM₂ is connected to a second transmitting terminal PD₃ of the battery state monitoring circuit BM₃. The same is applied to the battery state monitoring circuits BM₃ to BM_(n), and the first receiving terminal of the battery state monitoring circuit on an upstream side (battery BT₁ side) is connected to the first transmitting terminal of the battery state monitoring circuit on a downstream side (battery BT_(n) side). The second receiving terminal of the battery state monitoring circuit on the upstream side is connected to the second transmitting terminal of the battery state monitoring circuit on the downstream side. A first receiving terminal PE_(n) and a second receiving terminal PF_(n) of the battery state monitoring circuit BM_(n) which is the most downstream side are connected to a negative terminal of the battery BT_(n).

The switch SW₁ is connected in parallel with the battery BT₁, and changes over between the connection and the disconnection of the two terminals (that is, positive terminal and negative terminal of battery BT₁) according to the cell balance signal that is input to the switch SW₁ through the control terminal PG₁. The switch SW₁ is turned on, that is, changes over the two terminals to the connection state when the cell balance signal is input. The same is applied to the other switches SW₂ to SW_(n).

The first transistor 10 is a p-channel type MOS transistor. The first transistor 10 has the gate terminal connected to the first transmitting terminal PC₁ of the battery state monitoring circuit BM₁ and the one end of the first resistive element 20. The first transistor 10 also has a drain terminal connected to a drain terminal of the second transistor 11, and a source terminal connected to another terminal of the first resistive element 20 and the first external terminal 30. The second transistor 11 is a p-channel type MOS transistor. The second transistor 11 has the gate terminal connected to the second transmitting terminal PD₁ of the battery state monitoring circuit BM₁ and the one end of the second resistive element 21. The second transistor 11 also has the drain terminal connected to the drain terminal of the first transistor 10, and a source terminal connected to another terminal of the second resistive element 21 and the positive terminal of the battery BT₁. On the other hand, the second external terminal 31 is connected to the negative terminal of the battery BT_(n) on the most downstream side.

In the battery device configured as described above, a load or a charger is connected between the first external terminal 30 and the second external terminal 31 to conduct discharging or charging.

Subsequently, a description will be given of the operation of the battery device according to the first embodiment, which is configured as described above.

(Normal State)

First, a description will be given of a normal state, that is, a case in which all the voltages of the batteries BT₁ to BT_(n) are lower than the overcharge voltage, and equal to or higher than the overdischarge voltage. In the normal state thus defined, the overcharge detector circuit A₁ of the battery state monitoring circuit BM₁ outputs the overcharge detection signal of low level to the first NOR circuit B₁.

In this situation, a first output transistor C₂ of the battery state monitoring circuit BM₂ is on (the reason will be described later). As a result, the input terminal of the second inverter E₁ of the battery state monitoring circuit BM₁ is at low level, and the output signal of low level is output from the first inverter D₁ to the first NOR circuit B₁. Because, to the first NOR circuit B₁, the overcharge detection signal of low level and the output signal of low level of the first inverter D₁ are input, the first NOR circuit B₁ outputs the negative OR signal of high level to the gate terminal of the first output transistor C₁. As a result, because the first output transistor C₁ is turned on, the first transmitting terminal PC₁ becomes at low level, and the first transistor 10 is turned on.

Now, the reason why the first output transistor C₂ of the battery state monitoring circuit BM₂ is on will be described below. Because the first receiving terminal PE_(n) of the battery state monitoring circuit BM_(n) on the most downstream side is connected to the negative terminal of the battery BT_(n), an input terminal of a second inverter E_(n) is always held at low level. Accordingly, a first inverter D_(n) always outputs the output signal of low level to a first NOR circuit B_(n), and the overcharge detector circuit A_(n) outputs the overcharge detection signal of low level to the first NOR circuit B_(n). With the above arrangement, the first NOR circuit B_(n) outputs the negative OR signal of high level to a gate terminal of a first output transistor C_(n), and the first output transistor C_(n) of the battery state monitoring circuit BM_(n) is turned on.

As a result, an input terminal of a second inverter E_(n-1) in the battery state monitoring circuit BM_(n-1) becomes at low level, and the output signal of low level is output to a first NOR circuit B_(n-1) from a first inverter D_(n-1). On the other hand, since an overcharge detector circuit A_(n-1) outputs the overcharge detection signal of low level to the first NOR circuit B_(n-1), the first NOR circuit B_(n-1) outputs the negative OR signal of high level to a gate terminal of a first output transistor C_(n-1). As a result, the first output transistor C_(n-1) of the battery state monitoring circuit BM_(n-1) is turned on.

The above operation is repeated in the upstream side battery state monitoring circuit and the downstream side battery state monitoring circuit, and the first output transistor C₂ of the battery state monitoring circuit BM₂ is turned on.

Also, in the above normal state, the overdischarge detector circuit G₁ of the battery state monitoring circuit BM₁ outputs the overdischarge detection signal of low level to the second NOR circuit H₁. In this situation, because a second output transistor I₂ of the battery state monitoring circuit BM₂ is also on, the input terminal of the fourth inverter K₁ of the battery state monitoring circuit BM₁ becomes at low level, and the output signal of low level is output to the second NOR circuit H₁ from the third inverter J₁. Because, to the second NOR circuit H₁, the overdischarge detection signal of low level and the output signal of low level of the third inverter J₁ are input, the second NOR circuit H₁ outputs the negative OR signal of high level to the gate terminal of the second output transistor I₁. As a result, because the second output transistor I₁ is turned on, the second transmitting terminal PD₁ becomes at low level, and the second transistor 11 is turned on.

As described above, in the normal state, because the first transistor 10 and the second transistor 11 are turned on, the battery device is chargeable and dischargeable.

(Overcharged State)

Subsequently, a description will be given of an overcharged state, that is, a case in which a charger is connected between the first external terminal 30 and the second external terminal 31 to charge the batteries BT₁ to BT_(n), and at least one voltage of those batteries BT₁ to BT_(n) becomes equal to or higher than the overcharge voltage. In the following description, it is assumed that the voltage of the battery BT₂ is equal to or higher than the overcharge voltage.

In this case, the overcharge detector circuit A₂ of the battery state monitoring circuit BM₂ outputs the overcharge detection signal of high level to a first NOR circuit B₂. In this situation, because the output signal of low level is output from a first inverter D₂, the first NOR circuit B₂ outputs the negative OR signal of low level to a gate terminal of the first output transistor C₂. As a result, the first output transistor C₂ is turned off.

That is, the input terminal of the second inverter E₁ is pulled up to high level by means of the first current source F₁ and the output signal of high level is output to the first NOR circuit B₁ from the first inverter D₁. On the other hand, because the overcharge detector circuit A₁ outputs the overcharge detection signal of low level to the first NOR circuit B₁, the first NOR circuit B₁ outputs the negative OR signal of low level to the gate terminal of the first output transistor C₁. As a result, the first output transistor C₁ is turned off.

As described above, when the first output transistor C₁ is turned off, the gate terminal of the first transistor 10 becomes at high level by means of the first resistive element 20, and the first transistor 10 is turned off. As a result, the charging from the charger is prohibited.

In the above description, it is assumed that the voltage of the battery BT₂ is equal to or higher than the overcharge voltage. The same is applied to a case in which the voltages of the other batteries are equal to or higher than the overcharge voltage. That is, a fact that the overcharged state occurs is communicated from the battery state monitoring circuit corresponding to the battery that has become in the overcharged state to the upstream side battery state monitoring circuit, and the communication reaches the most upstream side battery state monitoring circuit BM₁. As a result, the first transistor 10 is turned off to prohibit the charging from the charger.

(Overdischarged State)

Subsequently, a description will be given of an overdischarged state, that is, a case in which a load is connected between the first external terminal 30 and the second external terminal 31 to discharge the batteries BT₁ to BT_(n), and at least one voltage of those batteries BT₁ to BT_(n) becomes lower than the overdischarge voltage. In the following description, it is assumed that the voltage of the battery BT₂ is lower than the overdischarge voltage.

In this case, an overdischarge detector circuit G₂ of the battery state monitoring circuit BM₂ outputs the overdischarge detection signal of high level to a second NOR circuit H₂. In this situation, because the output signal of low level is output from a third inverter J₂, the second NOR circuit H₂ outputs the negative OR signal of low level to a gate terminal of the second output transistor I₂. As a result, the second output transistor I₂ is turned off.

That is, the input terminal of the fourth inverter K₁ is pulled up to high level by means of the second current source L₁, and the output signal of high level is output to the second NOR circuit H₁ from the third inverter J₁. On the other hand, because the overdischarge detector circuit G₁ outputs the overdischarge detection signal of low level to the second NOR circuit H₁, the second NOR circuit H₁ outputs the negative OR signal of low level to the gate terminal of the second output transistor I₁. As a result, the second output transistor I₁ is turned off.

As described above, when the second output transistor I₁ is turned off, the gate terminal of the second transistor 11 becomes at high level by means of the second resistive element 21, and the second transistor 11 is turned off. As a result, the discharging to the load is prohibited.

Also, in the above overdischarge state, the overdischarge detector circuit G₂ that has detected the overdischarged state outputs the overdischarge detection signal of high level to the overcharge detector circuit A₂ and a cell balance circuit M₂. With the above configuration, because the overcharge detector circuit A₂ and the cell balance circuit M₂ stop the operation, it is possible to reduce the power consumption. Also, a first voltage monitor terminal PA₂ also functions as a VDD power source terminal of the battery state monitoring circuit BM₂, and the battery state monitoring circuit BM₂ receives a power from the battery BT₂. As a result, the voltage of the overdischarged battery BT₂ becomes low, and the power consumption of the battery state monitoring circuit BM₂ is reduced as much.

In this example, when the characteristic variation occurs in the respective batteries to decrease the voltage of the battery BT₂ earlier than the voltages of the other batteries during discharging, the overdischarge detector circuit G₂ of the battery state monitoring circuit BM₂ outputs the overdischarge detection signal earlier than other battery state monitoring circuits. Then, the second transistor 11 is turned off to prohibit the discharging. In this situation, in the battery state monitoring circuit BM₂, the power consumption is reduced more than those of the other battery state monitoring circuits. The battery BT₂ is lower than the other batteries in discharge speed as much as the power consumption is reduced, and the other batteries discharge electricity in the usual manner. Therefore, since the discharge speed of the overdischarged battery BT₂ becomes low, the battery device is capable of conforming the voltages of the respective batteries to each other (taking cell balance).

In the above description, it is assumed that the voltage of the battery BT₂ is lower than the overdischarge voltage. The same is applied to a case in which the voltages of the other batteries are lower than the overdischarge voltage. That is, a fact that the overdischarged state occurs is communicated from the battery state monitoring circuit corresponding to the battery that has become in the overdischarged state to the upstream side battery state monitoring circuit, and the communication reaches the most upstream side battery state monitoring circuit BM₁. As a result, the second transistor 11 is turned off to prohibit the discharging to the load.

(Cell Balance State)

Subsequently, a description will be given of a cell balance state, that is, a case in which a charger is connected between the first external terminal 30 and the second external terminal 31 to charge the batteries BT₁ to BT_(n), and at least one voltage of those batteries BT₁ to BT_(n) becomes equal to or higher than the cell balance voltage. In the following description, it is assumed that the voltage of the battery BT₂ is equal to or higher than the cell balance voltage.

In this case, the cell balance circuit M₂ of the battery state monitoring circuit BM₂ outputs the cell balance signal to the switch SW₂ through a control terminal PG₂. With the above configuration, the switch SW₂ is turned on, and the charged battery BT₂ discharges electricity through the switch SW₂.

In this example, when the characteristic variation occurs in the respective batteries to increase the voltage of the battery BT₂ earlier than the voltages of the other batteries during charging, the battery state monitoring circuit BM₂ outputs the cell balance signal earlier than the other battery state monitoring circuits. Then, the switch SW₂ is turned on earlier than the other switches, and the battery BT₂ is different from the other batteries in change in amount of charge. For example, the battery BT₂ is lower in charging speed than the other batteries, and the other batteries are charged in the usual manner. Alternatively, the battery BT₂ is discharged, and the other batteries are charged in the usual manner. As a result, since the charging speed of the overcharged battery BT₂ becomes low, or since the overcharged battery BT₂ is discharged, the battery device is capable of taking the cell balance.

Hereinafter, a description will be given of the reason why the discharge leak current can be prevented with the provision of the diode Do₁ in the battery state monitoring circuit BM₁ on the premise of the above operation. FIG. 2 shows the circuit configuration of the battery device in which no diode Do₁ is provided. For example, in FIG. 2, it is assumed that the battery BT₁ is overdischarged during the discharging to the load, and the second transistor 11 is turned off. In this case, the first output transistor C₁ of the most upstream side battery state monitoring circuit BM₁ becomes off. However, because a parasitic diode having a cathode terminal on the drain side and an anode terminal on the source side exists between the drain terminal and the gate terminal of the first output transistor C₁, a current path is formed as shown in FIG. 2. As a result, the electric discharge of the batteries BT₂ to BT_(n) does not stop, thereby causing the discharge leak current to occur. On the other hand, according to the battery state monitoring circuit BM₁ of the first embodiment, because the diode Do₁ of a direction opposite to the parasitic diode of the first output transistor C₁ is provided, it is possible to prevent the discharge leak current shown in FIG. 2 from occurring.

As described above, in the battery device according to the first embodiment, the occurrence of the discharge leak current can be prevented, and the disruption of the voltage balance between the batteries as in the conventional technology does not occur. As a result, it is possible to eliminate the load on the user, such as the costs and time required for battery exchange.

Second Embodiment

Subsequently, a description will be given of a battery device according to a second embodiment. In the above first embodiment, the description is given of a case in which the n-channel type MOS transistors are used as the first output transistor and the second output transistor in the battery state monitoring circuit. In contrast, in the second embodiment, a description will be given of a battery device in the case where p-channel type MOS transistors are used as the first output transistor and the second output transistor.

FIG. 3 is a circuit configuration diagram showing the battery device according to the second embodiment. In FIG. 3, the same components as those of FIG. 1 are denoted by identical symbols, and their description will be omitted. In order to distinguish from FIG. 1, the symbols of the battery state monitoring circuits are BMA₁ to BMA_(n), the symbol of the first transistor is 12, the symbol of the second transistor is 13, the symbol of the first resistive element is 22, and the symbol of the second resistive element is 23. Also, since the circuit configurations of those battery state monitoring circuits BMA₁ to BMA_(n) are identical with each other, the most downstream side battery state monitoring circuit BMA_(n) will be representatively described below.

The battery state monitoring circuit BMA_(n) according to the second embodiment includes the overcharge detector circuit A_(n), the first NOR circuit B_(n), a first inverter Q_(n), a first output transistor R_(n), a diode Do_(n), a second inverter S_(n), a first current source T_(n), an overdischarge detector circuit G_(n), a second NOR circuit H_(n), a third inverter U_(n), a second output transistor V_(n), a fourth inverter W_(n), a second current source X_(n), a cell balance circuit M_(n), a first voltage monitor terminal PA_(n), a second voltage monitor terminal PB_(n), a first transmitting terminal PC, a second transmitting terminal PD_(n), a first receiving terminal PE_(n), a second receiving terminal PF_(n), and a control terminal PG_(n). The battery state monitoring circuit BMA_(n) having the above components is configured as an IC of one chip.

To the first NOR circuit B_(n), an overcharge detection signal that is output from the overcharge detector circuit A_(n), and an output signal of the second inverter S_(n) are input, and the first NOR circuit B_(n) outputs a negative OR signal of those signals to the first inverter Q_(n). The first inverter Q_(n) outputs the logical inversion signal of the negative OR signal that is input from the first NOR circuit B_(n) to a gate terminal of the first output transistor R_(n). The first output transistor R_(n) is a p-channel type MOS transistor. The first output transistor R_(n) has the gate terminal connected to an output terminal of the first inverter Q_(n), a drain terminal connected to an anode terminal of the diode Do_(n), and a source terminal connected to the VDD_(n). The diode Do_(n) is a discharge leak current prevention diode, and has the anode terminal connected to the drain terminal of the first output transistor R_(n), and a cathode terminal connected to the first transmitting terminal PC_(n).

The second inverter S_(n) has an input terminal connected to the first receiving terminal PE_(n) and an input terminal of the first current source T_(n), and outputs the logical inversion signal of the input signal to the input terminal to the first NOR circuit B_(n). The first current source T_(n) is a current source that has the input terminal connected to the first receiving terminal PE_(n) and the input terminal of the second inverter S_(n), and an output terminal connected to the VSS_(n).

To the second NOR circuit H_(n), an overdischarge detection signal that is output from the overdischarge detector circuit G_(n) and the output signal of the fourth inverter W_(n) are input, and the second NOR circuit H_(n) outputs a negative OR signal of those signals to the third inverter U_(n). The third inverter U_(n) outputs the logical inversion signal of the negative OR signal that is input from the second NOR circuit H_(n) to a gate terminal of the second output transistor V_(n). The second output transistor V_(n) is a p-channel type MOS transistor, and has the gate terminal connected to an output terminal of the third inverter U_(n), a drain terminal connected to the second transmitting terminal PD_(n), and a source terminal connected to the VDD_(n).

The fourth inverter W_(n) has an input terminal connected to the second receiving terminal PF_(n) and an input terminal of the second current source X_(n), and outputs the logical inversion signal of the input signal to the input terminal to the second NOR circuit H_(n). The second current source X_(n) is a current source that has the input terminal connected to the second receiving terminal PF_(n) and the input terminal of the fourth inverter W_(n), and an output terminal connected to the VSS_(n).

The first transmitting terminal PC_(n) is connected to a gate terminal of the first transistor 12 and one end of the first resistive element 22. The second transmitting terminal PD_(n) is connected to a gate terminal of the second transistor 13 and one end of the second resistive element 23. The first receiving terminal PE_(n) is connected to a first transmitting terminal PC_(n-1) of the battery state monitoring circuit BMA_(n-1). The second receiving terminal PF_(n) is connected to a second transmitting terminal PD_(n-1) of the battery state monitoring circuit BMA_(n-1).

The same is applied to the other battery state monitoring circuits, and the first receiving terminal of the battery state monitoring circuit on the downstream side (battery BT_(n) side) is connected to the first transmitting terminal of the battery state monitoring circuit on the upstream side (battery BT₁ side). The second receiving terminal of the battery state monitoring circuit on the downstream side is connected to the second transmitting terminal of the battery state monitoring circuit on the upstream side. The first receiving terminal PE₁ and the second receiving terminal PF₁ of the battery state monitoring circuit BMA₁ which is the most upstream side are connected to the positive terminal of the battery BT₁.

The first transistor 12 is an n-channel type MOS transistor. The first transistor 12 has the gate terminal connected to the first transmitting terminal PC_(n) of the battery state monitoring circuit BM_(n) and the one end of the first resistive element 22. The first transistor 12 also has a drain terminal connected to a drain terminal of the second transistor 13, and a source terminal connected to another terminal of the first resistive element 22 and the negative terminal of the battery BT_(n). The second transistor 13 is an n-channel type MOS transistor. The second transistor 13 has the gate terminal connected to the second transmitting terminal PD_(n) of the battery state monitoring circuit BMA_(n) and the one end of the second resistive element 23. The second transistor 13 also has the drain terminal connected to the drain terminal of the second transistor 12, and a source terminal connected to another terminal of the second resistive element 23 and the second external terminal 31. On the other hand, the first external terminal 30 is connected to the positive terminal of the battery BT₁ on the most upstream side.

Subsequently, a description will be given of the operation of the battery device according to the second embodiment, which is configured as described above. The operation in the cell balance state is identical with that in the first embodiment, and therefore its description will be omitted.

(Normal State)

First, a description will be given of a normal state, that is, a case in which the voltages of all the batteries BT₁ to BT_(n) are lower than the overcharge voltage, and equal to or higher than the overdischarge voltage. In the normal state thus defined, the overcharge detector circuit A_(n) of the battery state monitoring circuit BMA_(n) outputs the overcharge detection signal of low level to the first NOR circuit B_(n).

In this situation, a first output transistor R_(n-1) of the battery state monitoring circuit BMA_(n-1) is on (the reason will be described later). As a result, the input terminal of the second inverter S_(n) of the battery state monitoring circuit BMA_(n) becomes at high level, and the output signal of low level is output from the second inverter S_(n) to the first NOR circuit B_(n). The first NOR circuit B_(n) outputs the negative OR signal of high level to the first inverter Q_(n), and the first inverter Q_(n) outputs the logical inversion signal of low level to the gate terminal of the first output transistor R_(n). As a result, because the first output transistor R_(n) is turned on, the first transmitting terminal PC_(n) becomes at high level, and the first transistor 12 is turned on.

Now, the reason why the first output transistor R_(n-1) of the battery state monitoring circuit BMA_(n-1) is on will be described below. Because the first receiving terminal PE₁ of the battery state monitoring circuit BMA₁ on the most upstream side is connected to the positive terminal of the battery BT₁, an input terminal of a second inverter S₁ is always held at high level. Accordingly, the second inverter S₁ always outputs the output signal of low level to the first NOR circuit B₁, and the overcharge detector circuit A₁ outputs the overcharge detection signal of low level to the first NOR circuit B₁. With the above arrangement, the first NOR circuit B₁ outputs the negative OR signal of high level to a first inverter Q₁, and the first inverter Q₁ outputs the logical inversion signal of low level to a gate terminal of a first output transistor R₁. As a result, the first output transistor R₁ of the battery state monitoring circuit BMA₁ is turned on.

In this situation, an input terminal of a second inverter S₂ in the battery state monitoring circuit BMA₂ that is the downstream side of the battery state monitoring circuit BMA₁ becomes at high level, and the output signal of low level is output from the second inverter S₂ to the first NOR circuit B₂. Since the overcharge detector circuit A₂ outputs the overcharge detection signal of low level, the first NOR circuit B₂ outputs the negative OR signal of high level to a first inverter Q₂, and the first inverter Q₂ outputs the logical inversion signal of low level to a gate terminal of a first output transistor R₂. As a result, the first output transistor R₂ is turned on.

The above operation is repeated in the upstream side battery state monitoring circuit and the downstream side battery state monitoring circuit, and the first output transistor R_(n-1) of the battery state monitoring circuit BMA_(n-1) is turned on.

Also, in the above normal state, the overdischarge detector circuit G of the battery state monitoring circuit BM_(n) outputs the overdischarge detection signal of low level to the second NOR circuit H_(n). In this situation, because a second output transistor V_(n-1) of the battery state monitoring circuit BM_(n-1) is also on, the input terminal of the fourth inverter W_(n) in the battery state monitoring circuit BMA_(n) becomes at high level, and the output signal of low level is output to the second NOR circuit H_(n) from the fourth inverter W_(n). The second NOR circuit H_(n) outputs the negative OR signal of high level to the third inverter U_(n), and the third inverter U_(n) outputs the logical inversion signal of low level to the gate terminal of the second output transistor V_(n). As a result, because the second output transistor V_(n) is turned on, the second transmitting terminal PD_(n) becomes at high level, and the second transistor 13 is turned on.

As described above, in the normal state, because the first transistor 12 and the second transistor 13 are turned on, the battery device is chargeable and dischargeable.

(Overcharged State)

Subsequently, a description will be given of an overcharged state, that is, a case in which a charger is connected between the first external terminal 30 and the second external terminal 31 to charge the batteries BT₁ to BT_(n), and at least one voltage of those batteries BT₁ to BT_(n) becomes equal to or higher than the overcharge voltage. In the following description, it is assumed that the voltage of the battery BT_(n-1) is equal to or higher than the overcharge voltage.

In this case, the overcharge detector circuit A_(n-1) of the battery state monitoring circuit BMA_(n-1) outputs the overcharge detection signal of high level to the first NOR circuit B_(n-1). In this situation, because the output signal of low level is output from a second inverter S_(n-1), the first NOR circuit B_(n-1) outputs the negative OR signal of low level to a first inverter Q_(n-1), and the first inverter Q_(n-1) outputs the logical inversion signal of high level to a gate terminal of the first output transistor R_(n-1). As a result, the first output transistor R_(n-1) is turned off.

That is, the input terminal of the second inverter S_(n) is pulled down to low level by means of the first current source T_(n), and the output signal of high level is output to the first NOR circuit B_(n) from the second inverter S_(n). On the other hand, because the overcharge detector circuit A_(n) outputs the overcharge detection signal of low level to the first NOR circuit B_(n), the first NOR circuit B_(n) outputs the negative OR signal of low level to the first inverter Q_(n), and the first inverter Q_(n) outputs the logical inversion signal of high level to the gate terminal of the first output transistor R_(n). As a result, the first output transistor R_(n) is turned off.

As described above, when the first output transistor R_(n) is turned off, the gate terminal of the first transistor 12 becomes at low level by means of the first resistive element 22, and the first transistor 12 is turned off. As a result, the charging from the charger is prohibited.

In the above description, it is assumed that the voltage of the battery BT_(n-1) is equal to or higher than the overcharge voltage. The same is applied to a case in which the voltages of the other batteries are equal to or higher than the overcharge voltage. That is, a fact that the overcharged state occurs is communicated from the battery state monitoring circuit corresponding to the battery that has become in the overcharged state to the downstream side battery state monitoring circuit, and the communication reaches the most downstream side battery state monitoring circuit BMA_(n). As a result, the first transistor 12 is turned off to prohibit the charging from the charger.

(Overdischarged State)

Subsequently, a description will be given of an overdischarged state, that is, a case in which a load is connected between the first external terminal 30 and the second external terminal 31 to discharge the batteries BT₁ to BT_(n), and at least one voltage of those batteries BT₁ to BT_(n) becomes lower than the overdischarge voltage. In the following description, it is assumed that the voltage of the battery BT_(n-1) is lower than the overdischarge voltage.

In this case, an overdischarge detector circuit G_(n-1) of the battery state monitoring circuit BMA_(n-1) outputs the overdischarge detection signal of high level to a second NOR circuit H_(n-1). In this situation, because the output signal of low level is output from a fourth inverter W_(n-1), the second NOR circuit H_(n-1) outputs the negative OR signal of low level to a third inverter U_(n-1), and the third inverter U_(n-1) outputs the logical inversion signal of high level to a gate terminal of the second output transistor V_(n-1). As a result, the second output transistor V_(n-1) is turned off.

That is, the input terminal of the fourth inverter W_(n) is pulled down to low level by means of the second current source X_(n), and the output signal of high level is output to the second NOR circuit H_(n) from the fourth inverter W_(n). On the other hand, because the overdischarge detector circuit G_(n) outputs the overdischarge detection signal of low level to the second NOR circuit H_(n), the second NOR circuit H_(n) outputs the negative OR signal of low level to the third inverter U_(n), and the third inverter U_(n) outputs the logical inversion signal of high level to the gate terminal of the second output transistor V_(n). As a result, the second output transistor V_(n) is turned off.

As described above, when the second output transistor V_(n) is turned off, the gate of the second transistor 13 becomes at low level by means of the second resistive element 23, and the second transistor 13 is turned off. As a result, the discharging to the load is prohibited.

In the above description, it is assumed that the voltage of the battery BT_(n-1) is lower than the overdischarge voltage. The same is applied to a case in which the voltages of the other batteries are lower than the overdischarge voltage. That is, a fact that the overdischarged state occurs is communicated from the battery state monitoring circuit corresponding to the battery that has become in the overdischarged state to the downstream side battery state monitoring circuit, and the communication reaches the most downstream side battery state monitoring circuit BMA_(n). As a result, the second transistor 13 is turned off to prohibit the discharging to the load.

Hereinafter, a description will be given of the reason why the discharge leak current can be prevented with the provision of the diode Do_(n) in the battery state monitoring circuit BMA_(n) on the premise of the above operation. FIG. 4 shows the circuit configuration of the battery device in which no diode Do_(n) is provided. For example, in FIG. 4, it is assumed that the battery BT_(n) is overdischarged during the discharging to the load, and the second transistor 13 is turned off. In this case, the first output transistor R_(n) of the battery state monitoring circuit BMA_(n) becomes off. However, because a parasitic diode having a cathode terminal on the source side and an anode terminal on the drain side exists between the drain terminal and the gate terminal of the first output transistor R_(n), a current path is formed as shown in FIG. 4. As a result, the electric discharge of the batteries BT₁ to BT_(n-1) does not stop, thereby causing the discharge leak current to occur. On the other hand, according to the battery state monitoring circuit BMA_(n) of the second embodiment, because the diode Do_(n) of a direction opposite to the parasitic diode of the first output transistor R_(n) is provided, it is possible to prevent the discharge leak current shown in FIG. 4 from occurring.

As described above, in the battery device according to the second embodiment, the occurrence of the discharge leak current can be prevented as in the first embodiment, and the disruption of the voltage balance between the batteries as in the conventional technology does not occur. As a result, it is possible to eliminate the load on the user, such as the costs and time required for battery exchange.

Third Embodiment

Subsequently, a description will be given of a battery device according to a third embodiment. FIG. 5 is a circuit configuration diagram showing the battery device according to the third embodiment. As shown in the figure, in the third embodiment, two types of diodes are disposed in the battery state monitoring circuit of the first embodiment. That is, when it is assumed that the symbols of the battery state monitoring circuits are BMB₁ to BMB_(n), the battery state monitoring circuit BMB₁ is newly equipped with a first diode (first clamp diode) Da₁, a second diode (second clamp diode) Db₁, a third diode (third clamp diode) Dc₁, and a fourth diode (fourth clamp diode) Dd₁ in addition to the components of the first embodiment. The same is applied to the other battery state monitoring circuits. In the following description, the battery state monitoring circuit BMB₁ will be representatively described.

The first diode Da₁ has an anode terminal connected to the VSS₁, and a cathode terminal connected to the drain terminal of the first output transistor C₁. The first diode Da₁ has such a characteristic as to generate a reverse current when a reverse voltage corresponding to a voltage (for example, 4.5V) that exceeds the withstand voltage of the battery state monitoring circuit is applied between the anode terminal and the cathode terminal. The second diode Db₁ has an anode terminal connected to the VSS₁, and a cathode terminal connected to the input terminal of the second inverter E₁. It is assumed that the voltage drop of the second diode Db₁ is 0.7 V.

The third diode Dc₁ has an anode terminal connected to the VSS₁, and a cathode terminal connected to the drain terminal of the second output transistor I₁. The third diode Dc₁ has such a characteristic as to generate a reverse current when a reverse voltage corresponding to a voltage that exceeds the withstand voltage of the battery state monitoring circuit is applied between the anode terminal and the cathode terminal. The fourth diode Dd₁ has an anode terminal connected to the VSS₁, and a cathode terminal connected to the input terminal of the fourth inverter K₁. It is assumed that the voltage drop of the fourth diode Dd₁ is 0.7 V.

Also, resistive elements are connected between the first transmitting terminal of the downstream side battery state monitoring circuit and the first receiving terminal of the upstream side battery state monitoring circuit, and between the second transmitting terminal of the downstream side battery state monitoring circuit and the second receiving terminal of the upstream side battery state monitoring circuit, respectively. Specifically, a resistive element Ra₁ is connected between the first transmitting terminal PC₂ of the battery state monitoring circuit BMB₂ and the first receiving terminal PE₁ of the battery state monitoring circuit BMB₁, and a resistive element Rb₁ is connected between the second transmitting terminal PD₂ of the battery state monitoring circuit BMB₂ and the second receiving terminal PF₁ of the battery state monitoring circuit BMB₁, respectively.

Subsequently, a description will be given of the operation of the battery device according to the third embodiment, which is configured as described above. The operation in the cell balance state is identical with that in the first embodiment, and therefore its description will be omitted.

(Normal State)

First, a description will be given of a normal state, that is, a case in which all the voltages of the batteries BT₁ to BT_(n) are lower than the overcharge voltage, and equal to or higher than the overdischarge voltage. In the normal state thus defined, the overcharge detector circuit A₁ of the battery state monitoring circuit BMB₁ outputs the overcharge detection signal of low level to the first NOR circuit B₁.

In this situation, the first output transistor C₂ of the battery state monitoring circuit BMB₂ is on. As a result, the input terminal of the second inverter E₁ of the battery state monitoring circuit BMB₁ becomes at low level, and the output signal of low level is output from the first inverter D₁ to the first NOR circuit B₁. The first NOR circuit B₁ outputs the negative OR signal of high level to the gate terminal of the first output transistor C₁. As a result, because the first output transistor C₁ is turned on, the first transmitting terminal PC₁ becomes at low level, and the first transistor 10 is turned on.

In this situation, when the first output transistor C₂ of the battery state monitoring circuit BMB₂ is on, the first receiving terminal PE₁ of the battery state monitoring circuit BMB₁ is connected to the VSS₂ through the resistive element Ra₁. However, since the first receiving terminal PE₁ is equipped with the second diode Db₁, the voltage is clamped to VSS₁−0.7 V, and does not decrease lower than that value.

Also, in the above normal state, the overdischarge detector circuit G₁ of the battery state monitoring circuit BMB₁ outputs the overdischarge detection signal of low level to the second NOR circuit H₁. In this situation, the second output transistor I₂ of the battery state monitoring circuit BMB₂ is also on. Therefore, the input terminal of the fourth inverter K₁ in the battery state monitoring circuit BMB₁ becomes at low level, and the output signal of low level is output to the second NOR circuit H₁ from the third inverter J₁. The second NOR circuit H₁ outputs the negative OR signal of high level to the gate terminal of the second output transistor I₁. As a result, because the second output transistor I₁ is turned on, the second transmitting terminal PD₁ becomes at low level, and the second transistor 11 is turned on.

Similarly, the voltage of the second receiving terminal PF₁ of the battery state monitoring circuit BMB₁ is clamped to VSS₁−0.7 V.

As described above, in the normal state, because the first transistor 10 and the second transistor 11 are turned on, the battery device is chargeable and dischargeable.

(Overcharged State)

Subsequently, a description will be given of an overcharged state, that is, a case in which a charger is connected between the first external terminal 30 and the second external terminal 31 to charge the batteries BT₁ to BT_(n), and at least one voltage of those batteries BT₁ to BT_(n) becomes equal to or higher than the overcharge voltage. In the following description, it is assumed that the voltage of the battery BT₂ is equal to or higher than the overcharge voltage.

In this case, the overcharge detector circuit A₂ of the battery state monitoring circuit BMB₂ outputs the overcharge detection signal of high level to the first NOR circuit B₂. In this situation, because the output signal of low level is output from the first inverter D₂, the first NOR circuit B₂ outputs the negative OR signal of low level to the gate terminal of the first output transistor C₂. As a result, the first output transistor C₂ is turned off.

That is, the input terminal of the second inverter E₁ is pulled up to high level by means of the first current source F₁. As a result, a voltage recognized as high level is applied to the input terminal of the second inverter E₁, and the output signal of high level is output to the first NOR circuit B₁ from the first inverter D₁. On the other hand, because the overcharge detector circuit A₁ outputs the overcharge detection signal of low level to the first NOR circuit B₁, the first NOR circuit B₁ outputs the negative OR signal of low level to the gate terminal of the first output transistor C₁. As a result, the first output transistor C₁ is turned off.

In this situation, the first transmitting terminal PC₂ of the battery state monitoring circuit BMB₂ is pulled up to VDD₁ through the resistive element Ra₁. However, since the first transmitting terminal PC₂ is equipped with a first diode Da₂, the terminal voltage is clamped to VSS₂+4.5 V by a voltage (4.5 V) that causes the reverse current of the first diode Da₂ to be generated. Also, the resistance of the resistive element Ra₁ is set to a value that allows the voltage of the input terminal of the second inverter E₁ to be pulled up to high level by the first current source F₁.

As described above, when the first output transistor C₁ is turned off, the gate terminal of the first transistor 10 becomes at high level by means of the first resistive element 20, and the first transistor 10 is turned off. As a result, the charging from the charger is prohibited.

(Overdischarged State)

Subsequently, a description will be given of an overdischarged state, that is, a case in which a load is connected between the first external terminal 30 and the second external terminal 31 to discharge the batteries BT₁ to BT_(n), and at least one voltage of those batteries BT₁ to BT_(n) becomes lower than the overdischarge voltage. In the following description, it is assumed that the voltage of the battery BT₂ is lower than the overdischarge voltage.

In this case, the overdischarge detector circuit G₂ of the battery state monitoring circuit BMB₂ outputs the overdischarge detection signal of high level to the second NOR circuit H₂. In this situation, because the output signal of low level is output from the third inverter J₂, the second NOR circuit H₂ outputs the negative OR signal of low level to the gate terminal of the second output transistor I₂. As a result, the second output transistor I₂ is turned off.

That is, the input terminal of the fourth inverter K₁ is pulled up to high level by means of the second current source L₁. As a result, a voltage is recognized as high level is applied to the input terminal of the fourth inverter K₁, and the output signal of high level is output to the second NOR circuit H₁ from the third inverter J₁. On the other hand, because the overdischarge detector circuit G₁ outputs the overdischarge detection signal of low level to the second NOR circuit H₁, the second NOR circuit H₁ outputs the negative OR signal of low level to the gate terminal of the second output transistor I₁. As a result, the second output transistor I₁ is turned off.

In this situation, the second transmitting terminal PD₂ of the battery state monitoring circuit BMB₂ is pulled up to VDD₁ through the resistive element Rb₁. However, since the second transmitting terminal PD₂ is equipped with a third diode Dc₂, the terminal voltage is clamped to VSS₂+4.5 V by a voltage (4.5 V) that causes the reverse current of the third diode Dc₂ to be generated. Also, the resistance of the resistive element Rb₁ is set to a value that allows the voltage of the input terminal of the fourth inverter K₁ to be pulled up to high level by the second current source L₁.

As described above, when the second output transistor I₁ is turned off, the gate terminal of the second transistor 11 becomes at high level, and the second transistor 11 is turned off. As a result, the discharging to the load is prohibited.

In the first embodiment, in the battery state monitoring circuit that has detected the overcharged state or the overdischarged state, the first output transistor or the second output transistor are turned off, and a voltage for two cells (two batteries) is applied to the downstream side first output transistor or second output transistor which has been turned off by the pull-up operation in the upstream side battery state monitoring circuit. That is, the withstand voltage of one battery state monitoring circuit needs to be equal to or higher than the voltage for at least two cells. In contrast, in the third embodiment, in the battery state monitoring circuit that has detected the overcharged state or the overdischarged state, the first output transistor or the second output transistor are turned off, and a voltage for one cell (one battery) is applied to the downstream side first output transistor or second output transistor which has been turned off by the pull-up operation in the upstream side battery state monitoring circuit. That is, the withstand voltage of one battery state monitoring circuit needs to be equal to or higher than the voltage for at least one cell. As a result, according to the third embodiment, the battery state monitoring circuit that is lower in withstand voltage than that of the first embodiment can be fabricated, and a range of the available manufacturing process is further broadened. As in the first embodiment, the occurrence of the discharge leak current can be prevented, and the disruption of the voltage balance between the batteries as in the conventional technology does not occur. As a result, it is possible to eliminate the load on the user such as the costs and time required for battery exchange.

Fourth Embodiment

Subsequently, a description will be given of a battery device according to a fourth embodiment. FIG. 6 is a circuit configuration diagram showing the battery device according to the fourth embodiment. As shown in the figure, in the fourth embodiment, two types of diodes are disposed in the battery state monitoring circuit of the second embodiment. That is, when it is assumed that the symbols of the battery state monitoring circuits are BMC₁ to BMC_(n), the battery state monitoring circuit BMC_(n) is newly equipped with a first diode De_(n), a second diode Df_(n), a third diode Dg_(n), and a fourth diode Dh_(n) in addition to the components of the second embodiment. The same is applied to the other battery state monitoring circuits. In the following description, the battery state monitoring circuit BMC_(n) will be representatively described.

The first diode De_(n) has an anode terminal connected to the drain terminal of the first output transistor R_(n), and a cathode terminal connected to the VDD_(n). The first diode De_(n) has such a characteristic as to generate a reverse current when a reverse voltage corresponding to a voltage (for example, 4.5 V) that exceeds the withstand voltage of the battery state monitoring circuit is applied between the anode terminal and the cathode terminal. The second diode Df_(n) has an anode terminal connected to the input terminal of the second inverter S_(n), and a cathode terminal connected to the VDD_(n). It is assumed that the voltage drop of the second diode Df_(n) is 0.7 V.

The third diode Dg_(n) has an anode terminal connected to the drain terminal of the second output transistor V_(n), and a cathode terminal connected to the VDD_(n). The third diode Dg_(n) has such a characteristic as to generate a reverse current when a reverse voltage corresponding to a voltage (for example, 4.5 V) that exceeds the withstand voltage of the battery state monitoring circuit is applied between the anode terminal and the cathode terminal. The fourth diode Dh_(n) has an anode terminal connected to the input terminal of the fourth inverter W_(n), and a cathode terminal connected to the VDD_(n). It is assumed that the voltage drop of the fourth diode Dh_(n) is 0.7 V.

Also, resistive elements are connected between the first transmitting terminal of the upstream side battery state monitoring circuit and the first receiving terminal of the downstream side battery state monitoring circuit, and between the second transmitting terminal of the upstream side battery state monitoring circuit and the second receiving terminal of the downstream side battery state monitoring circuit, respectively. Specifically, a resistive element Ra_(n-1) is connected between the first transmitting terminal PC_(n-1) of the battery state monitoring circuit BMC_(n-1) and the first receiving terminal PE_(n) of the battery state monitoring circuit BMC_(n), and a resistive element Rb_(n-1) is connected between the second transmitting terminal PD_(n-1) of the battery state monitoring circuit BMC_(n-1) and the second receiving terminal PF_(n-1) of the battery state monitoring circuit BMC_(n), respectively.

Subsequently, a description will be given of the operation of the battery device according to the fourth embodiment, which is configured as described above. The operation in the cell balance state is identical with that in the first embodiment, and therefore its description will be omitted.

(Normal State)

First, a description will be given of a normal state, that is, a case in which all the voltages of the batteries BT₁ to BT_(n) are lower than the overcharge voltage, and equal to or higher than the overdischarge voltage. In the normal state thus defined, the overcharge detector circuit A_(n) of the battery state monitoring circuit BMC_(n) outputs the overcharge detection signal of low level to the first NOR circuit B_(n).

In this situation, the first output transistor R_(n-1) of the battery state monitoring circuit BMC_(n-1) is on. As a result, the input terminal of the second inverter S_(n) of the battery state monitoring circuit BMC_(n) becomes at high level, and the output signal of low level is output from the second inverter S_(n) to the first NOR circuit B_(n). The first NOR circuit B_(n) outputs the negative OR signal of high level to the first inverter Q_(n), and the first inverter Q_(n) outputs the logical inversion signal of low level to the gate terminal of the first output transistor R_(n). As a result, because the first output transistor R_(n) is turned on, the first transmitting terminal PC_(n) becomes at high level, and the first transistor 12 is turned on.

Also, in the above normal state, the overdischarge detector circuit G_(n) of the battery state monitoring circuit BMC_(n) outputs the overdischarge detection signal of low level to the second NOR circuit H_(n). In this situation, the second output transistor V_(n-1) of the battery state monitoring circuit BMC_(n-1) is on. Therefore, the input terminal of the fourth inverter W_(n) in the battery state monitoring circuit BMC_(n) becomes at high level, and the output signal of low level is output to the second NOR circuit H_(n) from the fourth inverter W_(n). The second NOR circuit H_(n) outputs the negative OR signal of high level to the third inverter U_(n), and the third inverter U_(n) outputs the logical inversion signal of low level to the gate terminal of the second output transistor V_(n). As a result, because the second output transistor V_(n) is turned on, the second transmitting terminal PD_(n) becomes at high level, and the second transistor 13 is turned on.

As described above, in the normal state, because the first transistor 12 and the second transistor 13 are turned on, the battery device is chargeable and dischargeable.

(Overcharged State)

Subsequently, a description will be given of an overcharged state, that is, a case in which a charger is connected between the first external terminal 30 and the second external terminal 31 to charge the batteries BT₁ to BT_(n), and at least one voltage of those batteries BT₁ to BT_(n) becomes equal to or higher than the overcharge voltage. In the following description, it is assumed that the voltage of the battery BT_(n-1) is equal to or higher than the overcharge voltage.

In this case, the overcharge detector circuit A_(n-1) of the battery state monitoring circuit BMC_(n-1) outputs the overcharge detection signal of high level to the first NOR circuit B_(n-1). In this situation, because the output signal of low level is output from the second inverter S_(n-1), the first NOR circuit B_(n-1) outputs the negative OR signal of low level to the first inverter Q_(n-1), and the first inverter Q_(n-1) outputs the logical inversion signal of high level to the gate terminal of the first output transistor R_(n-1). As a result, the first output transistor R_(n-1) is turned off.

That is, the input terminal of the second inverter S_(n) is pulled down to low level by means of the first current source T_(n). When the pull-down voltage becomes equal to or lower than VDD_(n)−4.5 V, a current flows in the VSS_(n) through a first diode De_(n-1) of the battery state monitoring circuit BMC_(n-1). That is, the input terminal of the second inverter S_(n) is clamped to VDD_(n)−4.5 V, and in that condition, the voltage does not satisfy the operating voltage (voltage that is recognized as low level) of the second inverter S_(n). Therefore, the resistance of the resistive element Ra_(n-1) is set so that the voltage of the input terminal of the second inverter S_(n) reaches the operating voltage.

With the above arrangement, a voltage recognized as low level is applied to the input terminal of the second inverter S_(n), and the output signal of high level is output to the first NOR circuit B_(n) from the second inverter S_(n). On the other hand, because the overcharge detector circuit A_(n) outputs the overcharge detection signal of low level to the first NOR circuit B_(n), the first NOR circuit B_(n) outputs the negative OR signal of low level to the first inverter Q_(n), and the first inverter Q_(n) outputs the logical inversion signal of high level to the gate terminal of the first output transistor R_(n). As a result, the first output transistor R_(n) is turned off.

As described above, when the first output transistor R_(n) is turned off, the gate terminal of the first transistor 12 becomes at low level, and the first transistor 12 is turned off. As a result, the charging from the charger is prohibited.

(Overdischarged State)

Subsequently, a description will be given of an overdischarged state, that is, a case in which a load is connected between the first external terminal 30 and the second external terminal 31 to discharge the batteries BT₁ to BT_(n), and at least one voltage of those batteries BT₁ to BT_(n) becomes lower than the overdischarge voltage. In the following description, it is assumed that the voltage of the battery BT_(n-1) is lower than the overdischarge voltage.

In this case, the overdischarge detector circuit G_(n-1) of the battery state monitoring circuit BMC_(n-1) outputs the overdischarge detection signal of high level to the second NOR circuit H_(n-1). In this situation, because the output signal of low level is output from the fourth inverter W_(n-1), the second NOR circuit H_(n-1) outputs the negative OR signal of low level to the third inverter U_(n-1), and the third inverter U_(n-1) outputs the logical inversion signal of high level to the gate terminal of the second output transistor V_(n-1). As a result, the second output transistor V_(n-1) is turned off.

That is, the input terminal of the fourth inverter W_(n) is pulled down to low level by means of the second current source X_(n). When the pull-down voltage becomes equal to or lower than VDD_(n)−4.5 V, a current flows in the VSS_(n) through a third diode Dg_(n-1) of the battery state monitoring circuit BMC_(n-1). That is, the input terminal of the fourth inverter W_(n) is clamped to VDD_(n)−4.5 V, and in that condition, the voltage does not satisfy the operating voltage (voltage that is recognized as low level) of the fourth inverter W_(n). Therefore, the resistance of the resistive element Rb_(n-1) is set so that the voltage of the input terminal of the fourth inverter W_(n) reaches the operating voltage.

With the above arrangement, a voltage recognized as low level is applied to the input terminal of the fourth inverter W_(n), and the output signal of high level is output to the second NOR circuit H_(n) from the fourth inverter W_(n). On the other hand, because the overdischarge detector circuit G_(n) outputs the overdischarge detection signal of low level to the second NOR circuit H_(n), the second NOR circuit H_(n) outputs the negative OR signal of low level to the third inverter U_(n), and the third inverter U_(n) outputs the logical inversion signal of high level to the gate terminal of the second output transistor V_(n). As a result, the second output transistor V_(n) is turned off.

As described above, when the second output transistor V_(n) is turned off, the gate terminal of the second transistor 13 becomes at low level, and the second transistor 13 is turned off. As a result, the discharging to the load is prohibited.

As described above, according to the fourth embodiment, the withstand voltage of one battery state monitoring circuit needs to be equal to or higher than the voltage for at least one cell as in the third embodiment. As a result, according to the fourth embodiment, the battery state monitoring circuit that is further lower in withstand voltage than that of the second embodiment can be fabricated, and a range of the available manufacturing process is further broadened. As in the second embodiment, the occurrence of the discharge leak current can be prevented, and the disruption of the voltage balance between the batteries as in the conventional technology does not occur. As a result, it is possible to eliminate the load on the user such as the costs and time required for battery exchange.

Fifth Embodiment

Subsequently, a description will be given of a battery device according to a fifth embodiment. FIG. 7 is a circuit configuration diagram showing the battery device according to the fifth embodiment. As shown in the figure, in the fifth embodiment, the resistive elements that are disposed in the exterior of the battery state monitoring circuit in the third embodiment are disposed in the interior of the battery state monitoring circuit.

A battery state monitoring circuit BMD₁ will be representatively described. The resistive element Ra₁ is connected between the first receiving terminal PE₁ and the cathode terminal of the second diode Db₁ in the battery state monitoring circuit BMD₁. Also, the resistive element Rb₁ is connected between the second receiving terminal PF₁ and the cathode terminal of the fourth diode Dd₁.

The operation is identical with that in the third embodiment, and therefore its description will be omitted.

With the above configuration, a manufacturer of the battery device may merely prepare the battery state monitoring circuits BMD₁ of the same number as the number of batteries, and connect the upstream side and downstream side battery state monitoring circuits through no resistive element, thereby contributing to a reduction in manufacturing process. The provision of the resistive elements in the interior of the battery state monitoring circuit causes an increase in sizes of the battery state monitoring circuit and an increase in costs. In order to prevent this drawback, there can be applied the third embodiment.

Sixth Embodiment

Subsequently, a description will be given of a battery device according to a sixth embodiment. FIG. 8 is a circuit configuration diagram showing the battery device according to the sixth embodiment. As shown in the figure, in the sixth embodiment, the resistive elements that are disposed in the exterior of the battery state monitoring circuit in the fourth embodiment are disposed in the interior of the battery state monitoring circuit.

A battery state monitoring circuit BME_(n) will be representatively described. A resistive element Ra_(n) is connected between the anode terminal of the diode Do_(n) and the anode terminal of the first diode De_(n) in the battery state monitoring circuit BME_(n). Also, a resistive element Rb_(n) is connected between the anode terminal of the third diode Dg_(n) and the second transmitting terminal PD_(n).

The operation is identical with that in the fourth embodiment, and therefore its description will be omitted.

With the above configuration, a manufacturer of the battery device may merely prepare the battery state monitoring circuits BME_(n) of the same number as the number of batteries, and connect the upstream side and downstream side battery state monitoring circuits through no resistive element, thereby contributing to a reduction in manufacturing process. The provision of the resistive elements in the interior of the battery state monitoring circuit causes an increase in sizes of the battery state monitoring circuit and an increase in costs. In order to prevent this drawback, there can be applied the fourth embodiment.

Alternatively, the resistive element Ra_(n) may be connected between the input terminal of the second inverter S_(n) and the first receiving terminal PE_(n), and the resistive element Rb_(n) may be connected between the input terminal of the fourth inverter W_(n) and the second receiving terminal PF_(n). Also, the resistive element Ra_(n) may be connected between the anode terminal of the second diode Df_(n) and the first receiving terminal PE_(n), and the resistive element Rb_(n) may be connected between the cathode terminal of the fourth diode Dh_(n) and the second receiving terminal PF_(n).

Seventh Embodiment

Subsequently, a description will be given of a battery device according to a seventh embodiment. FIG. 9 is a circuit configuration diagram showing the battery device according to the seventh embodiment. As shown in the figure, the seventh embodiment is directed to the battery device in which the discharge leak current prevention diodes Do₁ to Do_(n) are not disposed in the respective battery state monitoring circuits BM₁ to BM_(n) of the first embodiment. In order to distinguish from the first embodiment, the symbols of the battery state monitoring circuits in the seventh embodiment are denoted by BM₁′ to BM_(n)′. In the seventh embodiment, a discharge leak current prevention diode Do is disposed in the exterior of the battery state monitoring circuits BM₁′ to BM_(n)′. Specifically, an anode terminal of the diode Do is connected to the gate terminal of the first transistor 10, and a cathode terminal of the diode Do is connected to the first transmitting terminal PC₁ of the battery state monitoring circuit BM₁.

With the battery device configured as described above, as in the first embodiment, the occurrence of the discharge leak current can be prevented, and the disruption of the voltage balance between the batteries as in the conventional technology does not occur. As a result, it is possible to eliminate the load on the user such as the costs and time required for battery exchange. Also, because it is unnecessary to provide the discharge leak current prevention diode within the battery state monitoring circuit, it is possible to reduce the costs and downsize the circuit.

Eighth Embodiment

Subsequently, a description will be given of a battery device according to an eighth embodiment. FIG. 10 is a circuit configuration diagram showing the battery device according to the eighth embodiment. As shown in the figure, the eighth embodiment is directed to the battery device in which the discharge leak current prevention diodes Do₁ to Do_(n) are not disposed in the respective battery state monitoring circuits BMA₁ to BMA_(n) of the second embodiment. In order to distinguish from the second embodiment, the symbols of the battery state monitoring circuits in the eighth embodiment are denoted by BMA₁′ to BMA_(n)′. In the eighth embodiment, the discharge leak current prevention diode Do is disposed in the exterior of the battery state monitoring circuits BMA₁′ to BMA_(n)′. Specifically, the cathode terminal of the diode Do is connected to the gate terminal of the first transistor 12, and the anode terminal of the diode Do is connected to the first transmitting terminal PC_(n) of the battery state monitoring circuit BMA_(n).

With the battery device configured as described above, as in the second embodiment, the occurrence of the discharge leak current can be prevented, and the disruption of the voltage balance between the batteries as in the conventional technology does not occur. As a result, it is possible to eliminate the load on the user such as the costs and time required for battery exchange. Also, because it is unnecessary to provide the discharge leak current prevention diode within the battery state monitoring circuit, it is possible to reduce the costs and downsize the circuit.

Ninth Embodiment

Subsequently, a description will be given of a battery device according to a ninth embodiment. FIG. 11 is a circuit configuration diagram showing the battery device according to the ninth embodiment. As shown in the figure, the ninth embodiment is directed to the battery device in which the discharge leak current prevention diodes Do₁ to Do_(n) are not disposed in the respective battery state monitoring circuits BMB₁ to BMB_(n) of the third embodiment. In order to distinguish from the third embodiment, the symbols of the battery state monitoring circuits in the ninth embodiment are denoted by BMB₁′ to BMB_(n)′. In the ninth embodiment, the discharge leak current prevention diode Do is disposed in the exterior of the battery state monitoring circuits BMB₁′ to BMB_(n)′. Specifically, the anode terminal of the diode Do is connected to the gate terminal of the first transistor 10, and the cathode terminal of the diode Do is connected to the first transmitting terminal PC₁ of the battery state monitoring circuit BMB₁.

With the battery device configured as described above, as in the third embodiment, the occurrence of the discharge leak current can be prevented, and the disruption of the voltage balance between the batteries as in the conventional technology does not occur. As a result, it is possible to eliminate the load on the user such as the costs and time required for battery exchange. Also, because it is unnecessary to provide the discharge leak current prevention diode within the battery state monitoring circuit, it is possible to reduce the costs and downsize the circuit.

Tenth Embodiment

Subsequently, a description will be given of a battery device according to a tenth embodiment. FIG. 12 is a circuit configuration diagram showing the battery device according to the tenth embodiment. As shown in the figure, the tenth embodiment is directed to the battery device in which the discharge leak current prevention diodes Do₁ to Do_(n) are not disposed in the respective battery state monitoring circuits BMC₁ to BMC_(n) of the fourth embodiment. In order to distinguish from the fourth embodiment, the symbols of the battery state monitoring circuits in the tenth embodiment are denoted by BMC₁′ to BMC_(n)′. In the tenth embodiment, the discharge leak current prevention diode Do is disposed in the exterior of the battery state monitoring circuits BMC₁′ to BMC_(n)′. Specifically, the cathode terminal of the diode Do is connected to the gate terminal of the first transistor 12, and the anode terminal of the diode Do is connected to the first transmitting terminal PC_(n) of the battery state monitoring circuit BMC_(n).

With the battery device configured as described above, as in the fourth embodiment, the occurrence of the discharge leak current can be prevented, and the disruption of the voltage balance between the batteries as in the conventional technology does not occur. As a result, it is possible to eliminate the load on the user such as the costs and time required for battery exchange. Also, because it is unnecessary to provide the discharge leak current prevention diode within the battery state monitoring circuit, it is possible to reduce the costs and downsize the circuit.

Eleventh Embodiment

Subsequently, a description will be given of a battery device according to an eleventh embodiment. FIG. 13 is a circuit configuration diagram showing the battery device according to the eleventh embodiment. As shown in the figure, the eleventh embodiment is directed to the battery device in which the discharge leak current prevention diodes Do₁ to Do_(n) are not disposed in the respective battery state monitoring circuits BMD₁ to BMD_(n) of the fifth embodiment. In order to distinguish from the fifth embodiment, the symbols of the battery state monitoring circuits in the eleventh embodiment are denoted by BMD₁′ to BMD_(n)′. In the eleventh embodiment, the discharge leak current prevention diode Do is disposed in the exterior of the battery state monitoring circuits BMD₁′ to BMD_(n)′. Specifically, the anode terminal of the diode Do is connected to the gate terminal of the first transistor 10, and the cathode terminal of the diode Do is connected to the first transmitting terminal PC₁ of the battery state monitoring circuit BMD₁.

With the battery device configured as described above, as in the fifth embodiment, the occurrence of the discharge leak current can be prevented, and the disruption of the voltage balance between the batteries as in the conventional technology does not occur. As a result, it is possible to eliminate the load on the user such as the costs and time required for battery exchange. Also, because it is unnecessary to provide the discharge leak current prevention diode within the battery state monitoring circuit, it is possible to reduce the costs and downsize the circuit.

Twelfth Embodiment

Subsequently, a description will be given of a battery device according to a twelfth embodiment. FIG. 14 is a circuit configuration diagram showing the battery device according to the twelfth embodiment. As shown in the figure, the twelfth embodiment is directed to the battery device in which the discharge leak current prevention diodes Do₁ to Do_(n) are not disposed in the respective battery state monitoring circuits BME₁ to BME_(n) of the sixth embodiment. In order to distinguish from the sixth embodiment, the symbols of the battery state monitoring circuits in the twelfth embodiment are denoted by BME₁′ to BME_(n)′. In the twelfth embodiment, the discharge leak current prevention diode Do is disposed in the exterior of the battery state monitoring circuits BME₁′ to BAE_(n)′. Specifically, the cathode terminal of the diode Do is connected to the gate terminal of the first transistor 12, and the anode terminal of the diode Do is connected to the first transmitting terminal PC_(n) of the battery state monitoring circuit BME_(n).

With the battery device configured as described above, as in the sixth embodiment, the occurrence of the discharge leak current can be prevented, and the disruption of the voltage balance between the batteries as in the conventional technology does not occur. As a result, it is possible to eliminate the load on the user such as the costs and time required for battery exchange. Also, because it is unnecessary to provide the discharge leak current prevention diode within the battery state monitoring circuit, it is possible to reduce the costs and downsize the circuit. 

1. A battery state monitoring circuit, comprising: a battery state detector circuit that detects a state of a battery based on a voltage of the battery; a transmitting terminal that transmits battery state information indicative of the state of the battery to an outside; a receiving terminal that receives battery state information of another battery from the outside; a transistor that is used for transmitting the battery state information, and has any one of two terminals except for a control terminal connected to the transmitting terminal; and a diode that is connected in a direction opposite to a direction of a parasitic diode disposed between the two terminals of the transistor, the diode being disposed between the transmitting terminal and one terminal of the transistor.
 2. A battery state monitoring circuit according to claim 1, further comprising: a first voltage monitor terminal that is used for connection with a positive terminal of the battery and connected to an internal positive side common power source wire; a second voltage monitor terminal that is used for connection with a negative terminal of the battery and connected to an internal negative side common power source wire; a first transmitting terminal; a second transmitting terminal; a first receiving terminal; a second receiving terminal; a cell balance control terminal; an overcharge detector circuit that detects whether or not the battery is overcharged based on a voltage between the first voltage monitor terminal and the second voltage monitor terminal, and outputs an overcharge detection signal indicative of a detection result in question as the battery state detector circuit; an overdischarge detector circuit that detects whether or not the battery is overdischarged based on the voltage between the first voltage monitor terminal and the second voltage monitor terminal, and outputs an overdischarge detection signal indicative of a detection result in question as the battery state detector circuit; a cell balance circuit that detects whether or not the battery needs to be subjected to cell balance control based on the voltage between the first voltage monitor terminal and the second voltage monitor terminal, and outputs a cell balance signal indicative of a detection result in question to the cell balance control terminal as the battery state detector circuit; a first logical inversion circuit; a second logical inversion circuit having an output terminal connected to an input terminal of the first logical inversion circuit, and an input terminal connected to the first receiving terminal; a first current source having an input terminal connected to the internal positive side common power source wire, and an output terminal connected to the first receiving terminal; a first negative OR circuit that receives the overcharge detection signal and an output signal of the first logical inversion circuit, and outputs a negative OR signal of the overcharge detection signal and the output signal of the first logical inversion circuit; a first n-channel type transistor having a gate terminal receiving the negative OR signal of the overdischarge detection signal and the output signal of the first logical inversion circuit, a drain terminal connected to a cathode terminal of the diode, and a source terminal connected to the internal negative side common power source wire; a third logical inversion circuit; a fourth logical inversion circuit having an output terminal connected to an input terminal of the third logical inversion circuit, and an input terminal connected to the second receiving terminal; a second current source having an input terminal connected to the internal positive side common power source wire, and an output terminal connected to the second receiving terminal; a second negative OR circuit that receives the overdischarge detection signal and an output signal of the third logical inversion circuit, and outputs a negative OR signal of the overcharge detection signal and the output signal of the third logical inversion circuit; and a second n-channel type transistor having a gate terminal receiving the negative OR signal the overdischarge detection signal and the output signal of the third logical inversion circuit, a drain terminal connected to the second transmitting terminal, and a source terminal connected to the internal negative side common power source wire, wherein the diode has an anode terminal connected to the first transmitting terminal, and wherein the battery state monitoring circuit is constituted as one semiconductor device.
 3. A battery state monitoring circuit according to claim 1, further comprising: a first voltage monitor terminal that is used for connection with a positive terminal of the battery and connected to an internal positive side common power source wire; a second voltage monitor terminal that is used for connection with a negative terminal of the battery and connected to an internal negative side common power source wire; a first transmitting terminal; a second transmitting terminal; a first receiving terminal; a second receiving terminal; a cell balance control terminal; an overcharge detector circuit that detects whether or not the battery is overcharged based on a voltage between the first voltage monitor terminal and the second voltage monitor terminal, and outputs an overcharge detection signal indicative of a detection result in question as the battery state detector circuit; an overdischarge detector circuit that detects whether or not the battery is overdischarged based on the voltage between the first voltage monitor terminal and the second voltage monitor terminal, and outputs an overdischarge detection signal indicative of a detection result in question as the battery state detector circuit; a cell balance circuit that detects whether or not the battery needs to be subjected to cell balance control based on the voltage between the first voltage monitor terminal and the second voltage monitor terminal, and outputs a cell balance signal indicative of a detection result in question to the cell balance control terminal as the battery state detector circuit; a first logical inversion circuit; a first p-channel type transistor having a gate terminal receiving an output signal of the first logical inversion circuit, a drain terminal connected to an anode terminal of the diode, and a source terminal connected to the internal positive side common power source wire; a first current source having an input terminal connected to the first receiving terminal, and an output terminal connected to the internal negative side common power source wire; a second logical inversion circuit having an input terminal connected to the first receiving terminal; a first negative OR circuit that receives the overcharge detection signal and an output signal of the second logical inversion circuit, and outputs a negative OR signal of the overcharge detection signal and the output signal of the second logical inversion circuit to the first logical inversion circuit; a third logical inversion circuit; a second p-channel type transistor having a gate terminal receiving an output signal of the third logical inversion circuit, a drain terminal connected to the second transmitting terminal, and a source terminal connected to the internal positive side common power source wire; a second current source having an input terminal connected to the second receiving terminal, and an output terminal connected to the internal negative side common power source wire; a fourth logical inversion circuit having an input terminal connected to the second receiving terminal; and a second negative OR circuit that receives the overdischarge detection signal and an output signal of the fourth logical inversion circuit, and outputs a negative OR signal of the overdischarge detection signal and the output signal of the fourth logical inversion circuit to the third logical inversion circuit, wherein the diode has a cathode terminal connected to the first transmitting terminal, and wherein the battery state monitoring circuit is constituted as one semiconductor device.
 4. A battery state monitoring circuit according to claim 2, further comprising: a first clamp diode that has an anode terminal connected to the internal negative side common power source wire, and a cathode terminal connected to the drain terminal of the first n-channel type transistor, and has a characteristic that allows a reverse current to flow in the first clamp diode when a reverse voltage corresponding to a voltage which exceeds a withstand voltage of the battery state monitoring circuit is applied to the first clamp diode; a second clamp diode that has an anode terminal connected to the internal negative side common power source wire, and a cathode terminal connected to the output terminal of the first current source; a third clamp diode that has an anode terminal connected to the internal negative side common power source wire, and a cathode terminal connected to the drain terminal of the second n-channel type transistor, and has a characteristic that allows the reverse current to flow in the third clamp diode when the reverse voltage corresponding to the voltage which exceeds the withstand voltage of the battery state monitoring circuit is applied to the third clamp diode; and a fourth clamp diode that has an anode terminal connected to the internal negative side common power source wire, and a cathode terminal connected to the output terminal of the second current source.
 5. A battery state monitoring circuit according to claim 3, further comprising: a first clamp diode that has an anode terminal connected to the drain terminal of the first p-channel type transistor, and a cathode terminal connected to the internal positive side common power source wire, and has a characteristic that allows a reverse current to flow in the first clamp diode when a reverse voltage corresponding to a voltage which exceeds a withstand voltage of the battery state monitoring circuit is applied to the first clamp diode; a second clamp diode that has an anode terminal connected to the input terminal of the first current source, and a cathode terminal connected to the internal positive side common power source wire; a third clamp diode that has an anode terminal connected to the drain terminal of the second p-channel type transistor, and a cathode terminal connected to the internal positive side common power source wire, and has a characteristic that allows the reverse current to flow in the third clamp diode when the reverse voltage corresponding to the voltage which exceeds the withstand voltage of the battery state monitoring circuit is applied to the third clamp diode; and a fourth clamp diode that has an anode terminal connected to the input terminal of the second current source, and a cathode terminal connected to the internal positive side common power source wire.
 6. A battery state monitoring circuit according to claim 4, further comprising: a first resistive element that is connected between the cathode terminal of the second clamp diode and the first receiving terminal; and a second resistive element that is connected between the cathode terminal of the fourth clamp diode and the second receiving terminal.
 7. A battery state monitoring circuit according to claim 5, further comprising: a first resistive element that is connected between the anode terminal of the first clamp diode and the first transmitting terminal; and a second resistive element that is connected between the anode terminal of the third clamp diode and the second transmitting terminal.
 8. A battery device, comprising: a plurality of batteries that are connected in series; the battery state monitoring circuit according to claim 1, which is disposed in correspondence with each of the plurality of batteries; and a switch circuit that switches between permission and prohibition of charging and discharging of the plurality of batteries, wherein the transmitting terminal of the battery state monitoring circuit is connected to the receiving terminal of one of the adjacent battery state monitoring circuits, and the receiving terminal of the battery state monitoring circuit is connected to the transmitting terminal of another one of the adjacent battery state monitoring circuits, and wherein the switch circuit switches between the permission and the prohibition of the charging and the discharging based on the battery state information that is transmitted from the transmitting terminal of the battery state monitoring circuit corresponding to a battery at one end of the plurality of batteries that are connected in series.
 9. A battery device, comprising: a plurality of batteries that are connected in series; the battery state monitoring circuit according to claim 2 or 6, which is disposed in correspondence with each of the plurality of batteries; a cell balance switch circuit that is connected in parallel with the each of the plurality of batteries, and switches between connection and disconnection of two terminals according to the cell balance signal that is output from the cell balance control terminal of the battery state monitoring circuit which corresponds to the each of the plurality of batteries; a first external terminal; a second external terminal; a charging p-channel type transistor; a discharging p-channel type transistor; a first bias resistive element having one end connected to a gate terminal of the charging p-channel type transistor, and another end connected to a source terminal of the charging p-channel type transistor; and a second bias resistive element having one end connected to a gate terminal of the discharging p-channel type transistor, and another end connected to a source terminal of the discharging p-channel type transistor, wherein the battery state monitoring circuit has the first voltage monitor terminal connected to the positive terminal of a corresponding battery, respectively, the second voltage monitor terminal connected to the negative terminal of the corresponding battery, respectively, the first transmitting terminal connected to the first receiving terminal of one of the adjacent battery state monitoring circuits, the second transmitting terminal connected to the second receiving terminal of the one of the adjacent battery state monitoring circuits, the first receiving terminal connected to the first transmitting terminal of another one of the adjacent battery state monitoring circuits, and the second receiving terminal connected to the second transmitting terminal of the another one of the adjacent battery state monitoring circuits, wherein the battery state monitoring circuit corresponding to a battery at one end of the plurality of batteries that are connected in series has the first transmitting terminal connected to the gate terminal of the charging p-channel type transistor, and the second transmitting terminal connected to the gate terminal of the discharging p-channel type transistor, wherein the discharging p-channel type transistor has the source terminal connected to the positive terminal of the battery at the one end, and a drain terminal connected to a drain terminal of the charging p-channel type transistor, and the charging p-channel type transistor has the source terminal connected to the first external terminal, wherein a battery at another end of the plurality of batteries that are connected in series has the negative terminal connected to the second external terminal, and wherein the battery state monitoring circuit corresponding to the battery at the another end has the first receiving terminal and the second receiving terminal connected to the negative terminal of the battery at the another end.
 10. A battery device, comprising: a plurality of batteries that are connected in series; the battery state monitoring circuit according to claim 3 or 7, which is disposed in correspondence with each of the plurality of batteries; a cell balance switch circuit that is connected in parallel with the each of the plurality of batteries, and switches between connection and disconnection of two terminals according to the cell balance signal that is output from the cell balance control terminal of the battery state monitoring circuit which corresponds to the each of the plurality of batteries; a first external terminal; a second external terminal; a charging n-channel type transistor; a discharging n-channel type transistor; a first bias resistive element having one end connected to a gate terminal of the charging n-channel type transistor, and another end connected to a source terminal of the charging n-channel type transistor; and a second bias resistive element having one end connected to a gate terminal of the discharging n-channel type transistor, and another end connected to a source terminal of the discharging n-channel type transistor, wherein the battery state monitoring circuit has the first voltage monitor terminal connected to the positive terminal of a corresponding battery, respectively, the second voltage monitor terminal connected to the negative terminal of the corresponding battery, respectively, the first transmitting terminal connected to the first receiving terminal of one of the adjacent battery state monitoring circuits, the second transmitting terminal connected to the second receiving terminal of the one of the adjacent battery state monitoring circuits, the first receiving terminal connected to the first transmitting terminal of another one of the adjacent battery state monitoring circuits, and the second receiving terminal connected to the second transmitting terminal of the another one of the adjacent battery state monitoring circuits, wherein a battery at one end of the plurality of batteries that are connected in series has the positive terminal connected to the first external terminal, wherein the battery state monitoring circuit corresponding to the battery at the one end has the first receiving terminal and the second receiving terminal connected to the positive terminal of the battery at the one end, wherein the battery state monitoring circuit corresponding to a battery at another end of the plurality of batteries that are connected in series has the first transmitting terminal connected to the gate terminal of the charging n-channel type transistor, and the second transmitting terminal connected to the gate terminal of the discharging n-channel type transistor, and wherein the discharging n-channel type transistor has the source terminal connected to the negative terminal of the battery at the another end, and a drain terminal connected to a drain terminal of the charging n-channel type transistor, and the charging n-channel type transistor has the source terminal connected to the second external terminal.
 11. A battery device, comprising: a plurality of batteries that are connected in series; the battery state monitoring circuit according to claim 4, which is disposed in correspondence with each of the plurality of batteries; a cell balance switch circuit that is connected in parallel with the each of the plurality of batteries, and switches between connection and disconnection of two terminals according to the cell balance signal that is output from the cell balance control terminal of the battery state monitoring circuit which corresponds to the each of the plurality of batteries; a first external terminal; a second external terminal; a charging p-channel type transistor; a discharging p-channel type transistor; a first bias resistive element having one end connected to a gate terminal of the charging p-channel type transistor, and another end connected to a source terminal of the charging p-channel type transistor; and a second bias resistive element having one end connected to a gate terminal of the discharging p-channel type transistor, and another end connected to a source terminal of the discharging p-channel type transistor, wherein the battery state monitoring circuit has the first voltage monitor terminal connected to the positive terminal of a corresponding battery, respectively, the second voltage monitor terminal connected to the negative terminal of the corresponding battery, respectively, the first transmitting terminal connected to the first receiving terminal of one of the adjacent battery state monitoring circuits through a resistive element, the second transmitting terminal connected to the second receiving terminal of the one of the adjacent battery state monitoring circuits through the resistive element, the first receiving terminal connected to the first transmitting terminal of another one of the adjacent battery state monitoring circuits through the resistive element, and the second receiving terminal connected to the second transmitting terminal of the another one of the adjacent battery state monitoring circuits through the resistive element, wherein the battery state monitoring circuit corresponding to a battery at one end of the plurality of batteries that are connected in series has the first transmitting terminal connected to the gate terminal of the charging p-channel type transistor, and the second transmitting terminal connected to the gate terminal of the discharging p-channel type transistor, wherein the discharging p-channel type transistor has the source terminal connected to the positive terminal of the battery at the one end, and a drain terminal connected to a drain terminal of the charging p-channel type transistor, the charging p-channel type transistor has the source terminal connected to the first external terminal, and a battery at another end of the plurality of batteries that are connected in series has the negative terminal connected to the second external terminal, and wherein the battery state monitoring circuit corresponding to the battery at the another end has the first receiving terminal and the second receiving terminal connected to the negative terminal of the battery at the another end.
 12. A battery device, comprising: a plurality of batteries that are connected in series; the battery state monitoring circuit according to claim 5, which is disposed in correspondence with each of the plurality of batteries; a cell balance switch circuit that is connected in parallel with the each of the plurality of batteries, and switches between connection and disconnection of two terminals according to the cell balance signal that is output from the cell balance control terminal of the battery state monitoring circuit which corresponds to the each of the plurality of batteries; a first external terminal; a second external terminal; a charging n-channel type transistor; a discharging n-channel type transistor; a first bias resistive element having one end connected to a gate terminal of the charging n-channel type transistor, and another end connected to a source terminal of the charging n-channel type transistor; and a second bias resistive element having one end connected to a gate terminal of the discharging n-channel type transistor, and another end connected to a source terminal of the discharging n-channel type transistor, wherein the battery state monitoring circuit has the first voltage monitor terminal connected to the positive terminal of a corresponding battery, respectively, the second voltage monitor terminal connected to the negative terminal of the corresponding battery, respectively, the first transmitting terminal connected to the first receiving terminal of one of the adjacent battery state monitoring circuits through a resistive element, the second transmitting terminal connected to the second receiving terminal of the one of the adjacent battery state monitoring circuits through the resistive element, the first receiving terminal connected to the first transmitting terminal of another one of the adjacent battery state monitoring circuits through the resistive element, and the second receiving terminal connected to the second transmitting terminal of the another one of the adjacent battery state monitoring circuits through the resistive element, wherein a battery at one end of the plurality of batteries that are connected in series has the positive terminal connected to the first external terminal, wherein the battery state monitoring circuit corresponding to the battery at the one end has the first receiving terminal and the second receiving terminal connected to the positive terminal of the battery at the one end, wherein the battery state monitoring circuit corresponding to a battery at another end of the plurality of batteries that are connected in series has the first transmitting terminal connected to the gate terminal of the charging n-channel type transistor, and the second transmitting terminal connected to the gate terminal of the discharging n-channel type transistor, and wherein the discharging n-channel type transistor has the source terminal connected to the negative terminal of the battery at the another end, and a drain terminal connected to a drain terminal of the charging n-channel type transistor, and the charging n-channel type transistor has the source terminal connected to the second external terminal.
 13. A battery device, comprising: a plurality of batteries that are connected in series; a battery state monitoring circuit that is disposed in correspondence with each of the plurality of batteries, the battery state monitoring circuit comprising: a first voltage monitor terminal that is used for connection with a positive terminal of one of the plurality of batteries and connected to an internal positive side common power source wire; a second voltage monitor terminal that is used for connection with a negative terminal of the one of the plurality of batteries and connected to an internal negative side common power source wire; a first transmitting terminal; a second transmitting terminal; a first receiving terminal; a second receiving terminal; a cell balance control terminal; an overcharge detector circuit that detects whether or not the one of the plurality of batteries is overcharged based on a voltage between the first voltage monitor terminal and the second voltage monitor terminal, and outputs an overcharge detection signal indicative of a detection result in question; an overdischarge detector circuit that detects whether or not the one of the plurality of batteries is overdischarged based on the voltage between the first voltage monitor terminal and the second voltage monitor terminal, and outputs an overdischarge detection signal indicative of a detection result in question; a cell balance circuit that detects whether or not the one of the plurality of batteries needs to be subjected to cell balance control based on the voltage between the first voltage monitor terminal and the second voltage monitor terminal, and outputs a cell balance signal indicative of a detection result in question to the cell balance control terminal; a first logical inversion circuit; a second logical inversion circuit having an output terminal connected to an input terminal of the first logical inversion circuit, and an input terminal connected to the first receiving terminal; a first current source having an input terminal connected to the internal positive side common power source wire, and an output terminal connected to the first receiving terminal; a first negative OR circuit that receives the overcharge detection signal and an output signal of the first logical inversion circuit, and outputs a negative OR signal of the overcharge detection signal and the output signal of the first logical inversion circuit; a first n-channel type transistor having a gate terminal receiving the negative OR signal of the overcharge detection signal and the output signal of the first logical inversion circuit, a drain terminal connected to the first transmitting terminal, and a source terminal connected to the internal negative side common power source wire; a third logical inversion circuit; a fourth logical inversion circuit having an output terminal connected to an input terminal of the third logical inversion circuit, and an input terminal connected to the second receiving terminal; a second current source having an input terminal connected to the internal positive side common power source wire, and an output terminal connected to the second receiving terminal; a second negative OR circuit that receives the overdischarge detection signal and an output signal of the third logical inversion circuit, and outputs a negative OR signal of the overdischarge detection signal and the output signal of the third logical inversion circuit; and a second n-channel type transistor having a gate terminal receiving the negative OR signal of the overdischarge detection signal and the output signal of the third logical inversion circuit, a drain terminal connected to the second transmitting terminal, and a source terminal connected to the internal negative side common power source wire; a cell balance switch circuit that is connected in parallel with the each of the plurality of batteries, and switches between connection and disconnection of two terminals according to the cell balance signal that is output from the cell balance control terminal of the battery state monitoring circuit corresponding to the each of the plurality of batteries; a first external terminal; a second external terminal; a charging p-channel type transistor; a discharging p-channel type transistor; a first bias resistive element having one end connected to a gate terminal of the charging p-channel type transistor, and another end connected to a source terminal of the charging p-channel type transistor; a second bias resistive element having one end connected to a gate terminal of the discharging p-channel type transistor, and another end connected to a source terminal of the discharging p-channel type transistor; and a diode having an anode terminal connected to the gate terminal of the charging p-channel type transistor, wherein the battery state monitoring circuit has the first voltage monitor terminal connected to the positive terminal of a corresponding battery, respectively, the second voltage monitor terminal connected to the negative terminal of the corresponding battery, respectively, the first transmitting terminal connected to the first receiving terminal of one of the adjacent battery state monitoring circuits, the second transmitting terminal connected to the second receiving terminal of the one of the adjacent battery state monitoring circuits, the first receiving terminal connected to the first transmitting terminal of another one of the adjacent battery state monitoring circuits, and the second receiving terminal connected to the second transmitting terminal of the another one of the adjacent battery state monitoring circuits, wherein the battery state monitoring circuit corresponding to a battery at one end of the plurality of batteries that are connected in series has the first transmitting terminal connected to a cathode terminal of the diode, and the second transmitting terminal connected to the gate terminal of the discharging p-channel type transistor, wherein the discharging p-channel type transistor has the source terminal connected to the positive terminal of the battery at the one end, and a drain terminal connected to a drain terminal of the charging p-channel type transistor, the charging p-channel type transistor has the source terminal connected to the first external terminal, and a battery at another end of the plurality of batteries that are connected in series has the negative terminal connected to the second external terminal, and wherein the battery state monitoring circuit corresponding to the battery at the another end has the first receiving terminal and the second receiving terminal connected to the negative terminal of the battery at the another end.
 14. A battery device, comprising: a plurality of batteries that are connected in series; a battery state monitoring circuit that is disposed in correspondence with each of the plurality of batteries, the battery state monitoring circuit comprising: a first voltage monitor terminal that is used for connection with a positive terminal of one of the plurality of batteries and connected to an internal positive side common power source wire; a second voltage monitor terminal that is used for connection with a negative terminal of the one of the plurality of batteries and connected to an internal negative side common power source wire; a first transmitting terminal; a second transmitting terminal; a first receiving terminal; a second receiving terminal; a cell balance control terminal; an overcharge detector circuit that detects whether or not the one of the plurality of batteries is overcharged based on a voltage between the first voltage monitor terminal and the second voltage monitor terminal, and outputs an overcharge detection signal indicative of a detection result in question; an overdischarge detector circuit that detects whether or not the one of the plurality of batteries is overdischarged based on the voltage between the first voltage monitor terminal and the second voltage monitor terminal, and outputs an overdischarge detection signal indicative of a detection result in question; a cell balance circuit that detects whether or not the one of the plurality of batteries needs to be subjected to cell balance control based on the voltage between the first voltage monitor terminal and the second voltage monitor terminal, and outputs a cell balance signal indicative of a detection result in question to the cell balance control terminal; a first logical inversion circuit; a first p-channel type transistor having a gate terminal receiving an output signal of the first logical inversion circuit, a drain terminal connected to the first transmitting terminal, and a source terminal connected to the internal positive side common power source wire; a first current source having an input terminal connected to the first receiving terminal, and an output terminal connected to the internal negative side common power source wire; a second logical inversion circuit having an input terminal connected to the first receiving terminal; a first negative OR circuit that receives the overcharge detection signal and an output signal of the second logical inversion circuit, and outputs a negative OR signal of the overcharge detection signal and the output signal of the second logical inversion circuit to the first logical inversion circuit; a third logical inversion circuit; a second p-channel type transistor having a gate terminal receiving an output signal of the third logical inversion circuit, a drain terminal connected to the second transmitting terminal, and a source terminal connected to the internal positive side common power source wire; a second current source having an input terminal connected to the second receiving terminal, and an output terminal connected to the internal negative side common power source wire; a fourth logical inversion circuit having an input terminal connected to the second receiving terminal; and a second negative OR circuit that receives the overdischarge detection signal and an output signal of the fourth logical inversion circuit, and outputs a negative OR signal of the overdischarge detection signal and the output signal of the fourth logical inversion circuit to the third logical inversion circuit; a cell balance switch circuit that is connected in parallel with the each of the plurality of batteries, and switches between connection and disconnection of two terminals according to the cell balance signal that is output from the cell balance control terminal of the battery state monitoring circuit corresponding to the each of the plurality of batteries; a first external terminal; a second external terminal; a charging n-channel type transistor; a discharging n-channel type transistor; a first bias resistive element having one end connected to a gate terminal of the charging n-channel type transistor, and another end connected to a source terminal of the charging n-channel type transistor; a second bias resistive element having one end connected to a gate terminal of the discharging n-channel type transistor, and another end connected to a source terminal of the discharging n-channel type transistor; and a diode having a cathode terminal connected to the gate terminal of the charging n-channel type transistor, wherein the battery state monitoring circuit has the first voltage monitor terminal connected to the positive terminal of a corresponding battery, respectively, the second voltage monitor terminal connected to the negative terminal of the corresponding battery, respectively, the first transmitting terminal connected to the first receiving terminal of one of the adjacent battery state monitoring circuits, the second transmitting terminal connected to the second receiving terminal of the one of the adjacent battery state monitoring circuits, the first receiving terminal connected to the first transmitting terminal of another one of the adjacent battery state monitoring circuits, and the second receiving terminal connected to the second transmitting terminal of the another one of the adjacent battery state monitoring circuits, wherein the positive terminal of a battery at one end of the plurality of batteries that are connected in series is connected to the first external terminal, wherein the first receiving terminal and the second receiving terminal of the battery state monitoring circuit corresponding to the battery at the one end are connected to the positive terminal of the battery at the one end, wherein the battery state monitoring circuit corresponding to a battery at another end of the plurality of batteries that are connected in series has the first transmitting terminal connected to an anode terminal of the diode, and the second transmitting terminal connected to the gate terminal of the discharging n-channel type transistor, and wherein the discharging n-channel type transistor has the source terminal connected to the negative terminal of the battery at the another end, and a drain terminal connected to a drain terminal of the charging n-channel type transistor, and the source terminal of the charging n-channel type transistor is connected to the second external terminal.
 15. A battery device according to claim 13, wherein the battery state monitoring circuit further comprises: a first clamp diode that has an anode terminal connected to the internal negative side common power source wire, and a cathode terminal connected to the drain terminal of the first n-channel type transistor, and has a characteristic that allows a reverse current to flow in the first clamp diode when a reverse voltage corresponding to a voltage which exceeds a withstand voltage of the battery state monitoring circuit is applied to the first clamp diode; a second clamp diode that has an anode terminal connected to the internal negative side common power source wire, and a cathode terminal connected to the output terminal of the first current source; a third clamp diode that has an anode terminal connected to the internal negative side common power source wire, and a cathode terminal connected to the drain terminal of the second n-channel type transistor, and has a characteristic that allows the reverse current to flow in the third clamp diode when the reverse voltage corresponding to the voltage which exceeds the withstand voltage of the battery state monitoring circuit is applied to the third clamp diode; and a fourth clamp diode that has an anode terminal connected to the internal negative side common power source wire, and a cathode terminal connected to the output terminal of the second current source, wherein the battery state monitoring circuit has the first transmitting terminal connected to the first receiving terminal of one of the adjacent battery state monitoring circuits through a resistive element, the second transmitting terminal connected to the second receiving terminal of the one of the adjacent battery state monitoring circuits through the resistive element, the first receiving terminal connected to the first transmitting terminal of another one of the adjacent battery state monitoring circuits through the resistive element, and the second receiving terminal connected to the second transmitting terminal of the another one of the adjacent battery state monitoring circuits through the resistive element.
 16. A battery device according to claim 14, wherein the battery state monitoring circuit further comprises: a first clamp diode that has an anode terminal connected to the drain terminal of the first p-channel type transistor, and a cathode terminal connected to the internal positive side common power source wire, and has a characteristic that allows a reverse current to flow in the first clamp diode when a reverse voltage corresponding to a voltage which exceeds a withstand voltage of the battery state monitoring circuit is applied to the first clamp diode; a second clamp diode that has an anode terminal connected to the input terminal of the first current source, and a cathode terminal connected to the internal positive side common power source wire; a third clamp diode that has an anode terminal connected to the drain terminal of the second p-channel type transistor, and a cathode terminal connected to the internal positive side common power source wire, and has a characteristic that allows the reverse current to flow in the third clamp diode when the reverse voltage corresponding to the voltage which exceeds the withstand voltage of the battery state monitoring circuit is applied to the third clamp diode; and a fourth clamp diode that has an anode terminal connected to the input terminal of the second current source, and a cathode terminal connected to the internal positive side common power source wire, wherein the battery state monitoring circuit has the first transmitting terminal connected to the first receiving terminal of one of the adjacent battery state monitoring circuits through a resistive element, the second transmitting terminal connected to the second receiving terminal of the one of the adjacent battery state monitoring circuits through the resistive element, the first receiving terminal connected to the first transmitting terminal of another one of the adjacent battery state monitoring circuits through the resistive element, and the second receiving terminal connected to the second transmitting terminal of the another one of the adjacent battery state monitoring circuits through the resistive element.
 17. A battery device according to claim 13, wherein the battery state monitoring circuit further comprises: a first clamp diode that has an anode terminal connected to the internal negative side common power source wire, and a cathode terminal connected to the drain terminal of the first n-channel type transistor, and has a characteristic that allows a reverse current to flow in the first clamp diode when a reverse voltage corresponding to a voltage which exceeds a withstand voltage of the battery state monitoring circuit is applied to the first clamp diode; a second clamp diode that has an anode terminal connected to the internal negative side common power source wire, and a cathode terminal connected to the output terminal of the first current source; a third clamp diode that has an anode terminal connected to the internal negative side common power source wire, and a cathode terminal connected to the drain terminal of the second n-channel type transistor, and has a characteristic that allows the reverse current to flow in the third clamp diode when the reverse voltage corresponding to the voltage which exceeds the withstand voltage of the battery state monitoring circuit is applied to the third clamp diode; a fourth clamp diode that has an anode terminal connected to the internal negative side common power source wire, and a cathode terminal connected to the output terminal of the second current source; a first resistive element that is connected between the cathode terminal of the second clamp diode and the first receiving terminal; and a second resistive element that is connected between the cathode terminal of the fourth clamp diode and the second receiving terminal.
 18. A battery device according to claim 14, wherein the battery state monitoring circuit further comprises: a first clamp diode that has an anode terminal connected to the drain terminal of the first p-channel type transistor, and a cathode terminal connected to the internal positive side common power source wire, and has a characteristic that allows a reverse current to flow in the first clamp diode when a reverse voltage corresponding to a voltage which exceeds a withstand voltage of the battery state monitoring circuit is applied to the first clamp diode; a second clamp diode that has an anode terminal connected to the input terminal of the first current source, and a cathode terminal connected to the internal positive side common power source wire; a third clamp diode that has an anode terminal connected to the drain terminal of the second p-channel type transistor, and a cathode terminal connected to the internal positive side common power source wire, and has a characteristic that allows the reverse current to flow in the third clamp diode when the reverse voltage corresponding to the voltage which exceeds the withstand voltage of the battery state monitoring circuit is applied to the third clamp diode; a fourth clamp diode that has an anode terminal connected to the input terminal of the second current source, and a cathode terminal connected to the internal positive side common power source wire; a first resistive element that is connected between the anode terminal of the first clamp diode and the first transmitting terminal; and a second resistive element that is connected between the anode terminal of the third clamp diode and the second transmitting terminal. 